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. 2018 Mar 22;11:85. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00085

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Copyright © 2018 Fan, Fu, Liu, Cui, Yi and Wan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Aggravated formalin-induced pain in rats with chronic inflammatory pain experience. (A) Thermal hyperalgesia (top) and mechanical allodynia (bottom) in complete freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced chronic inflammatory pain recovered to the baseline level 28 days after CFA injection. n = 8 in each group. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, CFA vs. Saline, analyses of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test. (B) Increased pain scores in the phase II of the formalin test (top) in rats with chronic inflammatory pain experience. The elevated pain score involved increased durations of both paw lifting behavior (bottom, left) and paw licking behavior (bottom, right). n = 8 in each group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, CFA vs. Saline, t test, ANOVA with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test.