Table 1.
The training and testing schemes for both the kinematic and kinetic estimations are represented.
| ANN1 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Scheme | Training input | Training output | Reference |
| 1 | 3 IMU orientations | IMU lower-body joint angles | IMU lower-body joint angles |
| 2 | 3 IMU orientations | Plug-In Gait lower-body joint angles | Plug-In Gait lower-body joint angles |
| ANN2 | |||
| 1 | IMU lower-body joint angles | vGRF (FP) | vGRF (FP) |
| 2 | Plug-In Gait lower-body joint angles | vGRF (FP) | vGRF (FP) |
Where input to ANN1 is in all cases the measured relative orientations from the three on-body IMUs (placed at the pelvis and both lower legs), and the output can be from the inertial (IMU) or optical (Plug-In Gait) measurements. This is then input to the kinetic estimation part (ANN2), for which the output is all cases the measured vertical Ground Reaction Forces (vGRF) using the forceplates (FP).