Reduced granzyme B, IL-17, and IFN-γ production in T cells from ERA virus-infected MALT1−/− mice. Immune cells were isolated from the brains of naive mice and infected mice (MALT1+/+ and MALT1−/−) at 10 dpi and stained for the intracellular markers IFN-γ, IL-17, and granzyme B. T cells were gated for their phenotypic marker CD3. (A and B) FACS analysis revealed less production of IL-17, granzyme B, and IFN-γ in the T cells of ERA virus-infected MALT1−/− mice compared to ERA virus-infected MALT1+/+ mice. The dot plots are representative of five mice per condition. (C) A significant decrease in T cells expressing IFN-γ, granzyme B, and IL-17 was observed in infected MALT1−/− mice compared to infected MALT1+/+ mice. Statistical differences between MALT1+/+ and MALT1−/− mice were determined by using a Student t test. Asterisks (***, **, and *) represent P values of <0.001, 0.01 and 0.05, respectively.