Table 1.

Summary of the demographic characteristics and average intensities of lipid metabolites and water for the three different disease groups

	Differential Diagnosis (DDX)				Unknown DDX
	Degenerative	Traumatic	Infectious and Inflammatory	p‐value	Unknown
Patient Number (84)	21	12	5		46
Age (ys)	$59\pm 8.746$	$36\pm 15.06$	$43.6\pm 22.65$	0.0007	$41.78\pm 13.97$
Gender (Male/Female)	$3/18$	$10/2$	$3/2$	0.0004	$27/19$
Metabolite Intensities (p‐value, Kruskal‐Wallis test)
${\text{CH}}_3$ lipid ($0.7-1.1 \text{ppm}$)	$0.0026\pm 0.0045$	$0.0018\pm 0.0022$	$0.0016\pm 0.0013$	0.9019	$0.0017\pm 0.0038$
${\text{CH}}_2$ lipid ($1.1-1.5 \text{ppm}$)	$0.0108\pm 0.0153$	$0.0089\pm 0.0098$	$0.0102\pm 0.0062$	0.6406	$0.0146\pm 0.0326$
$\text{CH}=\text{CH}$ lipid ($5.1-5.5 \text{ppm}$)	$0.0035\pm 0.0039$	$0.0046\pm 0.0056$	$0.0011\pm 0.0011$	0.5467	$0.0042\pm 0.0043$
Water (4.7 ppm)	$0.7415\pm 0.9041$	$0.5037\pm 0.2534$	$0.3340\pm 0.1583$	0.2853	$0.6337\pm 0.4554$
Ratios Among Metabolites (p‐value, Kruskal‐Wallis test)
Both ${\text{CH}}_3$ and ${\text{CH}}_2$ lipids	$0.0134\pm 0.0198$	$0.0108\pm 0.0117$	$0.0118\pm 0.0074$	0.6886	$0.0163\pm 0.0351$
Ratio ${\text{CH}}_3/{\text{CH}}_2$	$0.3012\pm 0.2079$	$0.2190\pm 0.1703$	$0.1554\pm 0.0464$	0.1700	$0.2938\pm 0.2642$
Ratio $(\text{CH}=\text{CH})/({\text{CH}}_2+{\text{CH}}_3)$	$0.9922\pm 1.7110$	$0.9153\pm 1.2953$	$0.1431\pm 0.1368$	0.3696	$1.5772\pm 2.6631$
LI	$0.3793\pm 0.5232$	$0.3810\pm 0.5898$	$0.7677\pm 0.1901$	0.3696	$0.2537\pm 0.6233$
Number of Patients in Each Spectrum Type
Type A (%)	13 (61.9%)	7(58.3%)	5(100%)	0.5500	23(50%)
Type B (%)	5(23.8%)	3(25.0%)	0(0%)		19(41.3%)
Type C (%)	3(14.3%)	2(16.7%)	0(0%)		4(8.7%)

Data show mean $\pm \text{SD}$ (arbitrary unit).

Age was significantly different among the groups (Kruskal‐Wallis test).

Gender was significantly different among the groups (Chi‐squared test).

Spectrum types were not different among the three groups (Chi‐squared test).

$\text{LI}=\text{lateralization index}$, calculated as $\text{LI}=(\text{PA}-\text{PB})/(\text{PA}+\text{PB})$, where PA was the sum of the peak intensity of ${\text{CH}}_2$ and ${\text{CH}}_3$ and PB was the sum of $\text{CH}=\text{CH}$; $\text{Type A} (0.7-1.5 \text{ppm})=\text{MRS spectrum}$ that showed dominant peaks for both ${\text{CH}}_2$ and ${\text{CH}}_3 \text{lipids}$; $\text{Type B} (5.1-5.5 \text{ppm})=\text{MRS spectrum that showed a dominant peak for the CH}=\text{CH lipid}$; $\text{Type C}=\text{MRS spectrum that showed both Type A and B metabolite peaks}$.