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. 2018 Apr;24(4):810–812. doi: 10.3201/eid2404.172127

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This is a publication of the U.S. Government. This publication is in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from this work may be reprinted freely. Use of these materials should be properly cited.

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The 4 epidemiologic cycles of African swine fever and main transmission agents. 1) Sylvatic cycle: the common warthog (Phacochoerus africanuus), bushpig (Potamochoerus larvatus), and soft ticks of Ornithodoros spp. The role of the bushpig in the sylvatic cycle remains unclear. 2) The tick–pig cycle: soft ticks and domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus). 3) The domestic cycle: domestic pigs and pig-derived products (pork, blood, fat, lard, bones, bone marrow, hides). 4) The wild boar–habitat cycle: wild boar (S. scrofa), pig- and wild boar–derived products and carcasses, and the habitat.