Table 1.
Patient Characteristics and Their Association with Type of Insurance
| Type of Insurance | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| All | Public | Private | Uninsured | ||
|
| |||||
| 619 (100%) | 380 (61.4%) | 211 (34.1%) | 28 (4.5%) | ||
|
| |||||
| CHARACTERISTIC | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | P-Value* |
| Type of Plan | |||||
| Family | 237 (38.3) | 101 (26.6) | 136 (64.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Individual | 324 (52.3) | 255 (67.1) | 69 (32.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Family & Individual | 11 (1.8) | 9 (2.4) | 2 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| None | 38 (6.1) | 10 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) | 28 (100.0) | <0.001 |
| Missing/Refused | 9 (1.5) | 5 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Age | |||||
| 18–26 | 134 (21.7) | 87 (22.9) | 38 (18.0) | 9 (32.1) | |
| 27–34 | 117 (18.9) | 76 (20.0) | 34 (16.1) | 7 (25.0) | |
| 35–44 | 92 (14.9) | 53 (14.0) | 35 (16.6) | 4 (14.3) | |
| 45–54 | 133 (21.5) | 67 (17.6) | 62 (29.4) | 4 (14.3) | |
| 55–64 | 99 (16.0) | 56 (14.7) | 39 (18.5) | 4 (14.3) | |
| 65–74 | 25 (4.0) | 22 (5.8) | 3 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | |
| >75 | 15 (2.4) | 15 (4.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.11 |
| Missing/Refused | 4 (0.7) | 4 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 375 (60.6) | 239 (62.9) | 123 (58.3) | 13 (46.4) | |
| Female | 231 (37.3) | 132 (34.7) | 85 (40.3) | 14 (50.0) | 0.15 |
| Missing/Refused | 13 (2.1) | 9 (2.4) | 3 (1.4) | 1 (3.6) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||
| White | 249 (40.2) | 109 (28.7) | 132 (62.6) | 8 (28.6) | |
| Black/AA | 78 (12.6) | 58 (15.3) | 18 (8.5) | 2 (7.1) | |
| Hispanic | 230 (37.2) | 176 (46.3) | 41 (19.4) | 13 (46.4) | |
| Other/Multi | 56 (9.1) | 34 (9.0) | 17 (8.1) | 5 (17.9) | <0.001 |
| Missing/Refused | 6 (1.0) | 3 (0.8) | 3 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Education | |||||
| <HS | 59 (9.5) | 51 (13.4) | 4 (1.9) | 4 (14.3) | |
| HS | 225 (36.4) | 165 (43.4) | 50 (23.7) | 10 (35.7) | |
| Some College | 149 (24.1) | 83 (21.8) | 58 (27.5) | 8 (28.6) | |
| College | 126 (20.4) | 58 (15.3) | 64 (30.3) | 4 (14.3) | |
| Graduate School | 48 (7.8) | 18 (4.7) | 30 (14.2) | 0 (0.0) | <0.001 |
| Missing/Refused | 12 (1.9) | 5 (1.3) | 5 (2.4) | 2 (7.1) | |
| Yearly Pre-tax Household Income | |||||
| <$25,000 | 260 (42.0) | 216 (56.8) | 30 (14.2) | 14 (50.0) | |
| $25,000 –<$50,000 | 126 (24.0) | 68 (17.9) | 55 (26.1) | 3 (10.7) | |
| $50,000 – <$100,000 | 91 (14.7) | 22 (5.8) | 67 (31.8) | 2 (7.1) | |
| >$100,000 | 31 (5.0) | 6 (1.6) | 25 (11.9) | 0 (0.0) | <0.001 |
| Missing/Refused | 111 (17.9) | 68 (17.9) | 34 (16.1) | 9 (32.1) | |
| Yearly Pre-tax Household Income, Adjusted for # Persons in Household (Tertiles)** | |||||
| 1 <$12,500 | 216 (34.9) | 166 (43.7) | 38 (18.0) | 12 (42.9) | |
| 2 $12,500–25,000 | 241 (38.9) | 160 (42.1) | 73 (34.6) | 8 (28.6) | |
| 3 >$25,000 | 146 (23.6) | 43 (11.3) | 96 (45.5) | 7 (25.0) | <0.001 |
| Unavailable | 16 (2.6) | 11 (2.9) | 4 (1.9) | 1 (3.6) | |
| Survey Site | |||||
| ED | 474 (76.6) | 258 (68.9) | 188 (89.1) | 28 (100.0) | |
| Clinic | 145 (23.4) | 122 (32.1) | 23 (10.9) | 0 (0.0) | <0.001 |
| Employment | |||||
| Employed | 293 (47.3) | 117 (30.8) | 162 (76.8) | 14 (50.0) | |
| Unemployed | 74 (12.0) | 53 (14.0) | 11 (5.2) | 10 (35.7) | |
| Retired | 55 (8.9) | 45 (11.8) | 10 (4.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Disability Benefits | 136 (22.0) | 124 (32.6) | 9 (4.3) | 3 (10.7) | |
| Student | 33 (5.3) | 25 (6.6) | 7 (3.3) | 1 (3.6) | |
| Homemaker | 18 (2.9) | 15 (4.0) | 3 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | <0.001 |
| Missing/Refused | 10 (1.6) | 1 (0.3) | 9 (4.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Other than monthly health insurance premium, $ spent for co-pays, deductibles, prescriptions, in last 12m | |||||
| < $500 | 399 (64.5) | 286 (75.3) | 96 (45.5) | 17 (60.7) | |
| $501–$1,000 | 111 (17.9) | 50 (13.2) | 57 (27.0) | 4 (14.3) | |
| $1,001–$3,000 | 69 (11.2) | 26 (6.8) | 39 (18.5) | 4 (14.3) | |
| $3,001–$5,000 | 10 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (4.3) | 1 (3.6) | |
| >$5,000 | 13 (2.1) | 6 (1.6) | 7 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | <0.001 |
| Missing/Refused | 17(2.8) | 12 (3.2) | 3 (1.4) | 2 (7.1) | |
| How would you rate your health? | |||||
| Excellent | 70 (11.3) | 41 (10.8) | 28 (13.3) | 1 (3.6) | |
| Very Good | 149 (24.1) | 73 (19.2) | 71 (33.7) | 5 (17.9) | |
| Good | 212 (34.3) | 127 (33.4) | 71 (33.7) | 14 (50.0) | |
| Fair | 119 (19.2) | 91 (24.0) | 24 (11.4) | 4 (14.3) | |
| Poor | 40 (6.5) | 31 (8.2) | 5 (2.4) | 4 (14.3) | <0.001 |
| Missing/Refused | 29 (4.7) | 17 (4.5) | 12 (5.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
| # Chronic Conditions prescribed medicine for | |||||
| 0 | 240 (38.8) | 127 (33.4) | 94 (44.6) | 19 (67.9) | |
| 1 | 109 (17.6) | 55 (14.5) | 50 (23.7) | 4 (14.3) | |
| 2 | 84 (13.6) | 51 (13.4) | 31 (14.7) | 2 (7.1) | |
| 3 | 90 (14.5) | 68 (17.9) | 20 (9.5) | 2 (7.1) | |
| 4 | 36 (5.8) | 29 (7.6) | 7 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| 5+ | 56 (9.1) | 49 (12.9) | 6 (2.8) | 1 (3.6) | <0.001 |
| Missing/Refused | 4 (0.7) | 1 (0.3) | 3 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | |
| # Visits to provider in last 12m | |||||
| 0 | 50 (8.1) | 25 (6.6) | 13 (6.2) | 12 (42.9) | |
| 1 | 83 (13.4) | 44 (11.6) | 35 (16.6) | 4 (14.3) | |
| 2 | 89 (14.4) | 47 (12.4) | 39 (18.5) | 3 (10.7) | |
| 3 | 87 (14.1) | 49 (12.9) | 34 (16.1) | 4 (14.3) | |
| 4 | 90 (14.5) | 57 (15.0) | 32 (15.2) | 1 (3.6) | |
| 5 to 10 | 114 (18.4) | 82 (21.6) | 30 (14.2) | 2 (7.1) | |
| More than 10 | 77 (12.2) | 59 (15.5) | 16 (7.6 ) | 2 (7.1) | <0.001 |
| Missing/Refused | 29 (4.7) | 17 (4.5) | 12 (5.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Outstanding Medical Bills | 202 (32.6) | 110 (29.0) | 75 (35.6) | 17 (60.7) | 0.002 |
| ED used most often for health care | 77 (12.4) | 57 (15.0) | 11 (5.2) | 9 (32.1) | <0.001 |
| Delay in filling prescriptions | 52 (8.4) | 29 (7.6) | 16 (7.6) | 7 (25.0) | 0.02 |
*
Contrasting public v. private v. uninsured. Fisher exact (categorical) or Kruskal-Wallis equality of populations rank test (ordinal). All p-values are calculated excluding missing responses.
*
Imputed for 15% of the sample