Table 1.

Framingham criteria for HF, the reference standard for classification of hospitalisations^*

Major criteria	Minor criteria
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea or orthopnoea	Night cough
Elevated jugular venous pressure	Dyspnoea with exertion
HF treatment-related 10 lbs weight loss in preceding 5  days	Non-HF treatment-related 10 lbs weight loss in preceding 5  days
S3 gallop	Hepatomegaly
Hepatojugular reflex	Bilateral ankle oedema
Rales, crackles	Pleural effusion (on imaging)
Cardiomegaly (on imaging)	Pulmonary vascular engorgement (on imaging)
Pulmonary oedema (on imaging)	Tachycardia (heart rate > 120  bpm)

*A hospitalisation was classified as HF if it met a minimum of two major or one major and two minor criteria.

HF, heart failure.