Table 3.
Association between levels of inflammatory biomarkers and prevalent CAC>0, among MESA participants with NAFLD (N=668)
| Biomarker | N. | N. of cases1 | SD2 | Model 1¥ | Model 2§ | Model 3 | Model 4† | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RP (95% CI) | P-value | RP (95% CI) | P-value | RP (95% CI) | P-value | RP (95% CI) | P-value | ||||
| IL-6, pg/mL | 656 | 348 | 1.32 | 1.06 (1.01, 1.12) |
0.020 | 1.06 (1.01, 1.12) |
0.026 | 1.06 (1.00, 1.11) |
0.048 | 1.06 (1.00, 1.11) |
0.047 |
| hsCRP mg/L | 663 | 353 | 6.2 | 0.99 (0.93, 1.06) |
0.88 | 1.00 (0.93, 1.07) |
0.92 | 0.99 (0.92, 1.06) |
0.76 | 0.99 (0.92, 1.06) |
0.74 |
| sICAM-1, ng/mL | 259 | 124 | 83.4 | 1.14 (1.02, 1.28) |
0.024 | 1.12 (1.00, 1.26) |
0.048 | 1.10 (0.97, 1.25) |
0.13 | 1.11 (0.96, 1.27) |
0.16 |
| LpPLA2 mass, ng/mL | 523 | 290 | 49.8 | 1.01 (0.94, 1.08) |
0.86 | 1.01 (0.94, 1.08) |
0.79 | 1.01 (0.94, 1.08) |
0.80 | 1.02 (0.96, 1.10) |
0.49 |
| LpPLA2 activity, nmol/min/mL | 532 | 292 | 36.3 | 1.02 (0.95, 1.10) |
0.52 | 1.02 (0.95, 1.10) |
0.53 | 1.02 (0.95, 1.10) |
0.55 | 1.06 (0.97, 1.15) |
0.19 |
| GGT, U/L | 662 | 351 | 17.9 | 1.04 (0.98, 1.10) |
0.15 | 1.03 (0.97, 1.09) |
0.33 | 1.03 (0.97, 1.10) |
0.31 | 1.03 (0.97, 1.10) |
0.30 |
| IL-2, pg/mL | 287 | 150 | 501.8 | 1.09 (0.99, 1.20) |
0.08 | 1.10 (0.98, 1.20) |
0.06 | 1.10 (1.00, 1.20) |
0.053 | 1.09 (0.98, 1.21) |
0.12 |
Abbreviations: NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; CAC, coronary artery calcium; N., number; SD, standard deviation; sICAM, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule; LpPLA2, lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2; hsCRP; high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; GGT, gamma glutamyltransferase; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-2, interleukin-2; PR, prevalence ratio; CI, confidence interval
Number of study participants with CAC >0
Standard deviation (SD) for each candidate biomarker, taken from the SD of the NAFLD sub-group (N=668)
Model 1: Multivariable log-binomial regression model adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity and MESA study site.
Model 2: Model 1 + smoking history, and alcohol intake (servings/day).
Model 3: Model 2 + body mass index (BMI) and diabetes.
Model 4: Model 3 + systolic blood pressure, use of anti-hypertensive medications, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, use of lipid-lowering medications and physical activity (continuous metabolic equivalent minutes [MET-MIN] per week)