Table 4.
Association between levels of inflammatory markers and prevalent CAC>100 (vs. CAC=0) in MESA participants with NAFLD (N=460)
| Biomarker | N. of cases1 | SD2 | Model 1¥ | Model 2§ | Model 3 | Model 4† | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PR (95% CI) | P-value | PR (95% CI) | P-value | PR (95% CI) | P-value | PR (95% CI) | P-value | |||
| IL-6, pg/mL (N=451) | 143 | 1.27 | 1.06 (0.99, 1.13) |
0.078 | 1.065 (0.999, 1.14) |
0.054 | 1.061 (0.99, 1.13) |
0.081 | 1.09 (1.02, 1.16) |
0.015 |
| hsCRP mg/L (N=456) | 146 | 6.5 | 1.010 (0.91, 1.12) |
0.849 | 1.018 (0.92, 1.13) |
0.736 | 1.012 (0.90, 1.13) |
0.843 | 1.02 (0.92, 1.13) |
0.670 |
| sICAM-1, ng/mL (N=179) | 44 | 76.2 | 1.300 (1.06, 1.60) |
0.012 | 1.134 (0.95, 1.36) |
0.168 | 1.117 (0.87, 1.44) |
0.393 | 1.10 (0.90, 1.35) |
0.353 |
| LpPLA2 mass, ng/mL (N=354) | 121 | 52.0 | 1.029 (0.93, 1.13) |
0.570 | 1.037 (0.94, 1.15) |
0.470 | 1.037 (0.94, 1.15) |
0.483 | 1.05 (0.94, 1.17) |
0.380 |
| LpPLA2 activity, nmol/min/mL (N=358) | 118 | 37.4 | 1.054 (0.95, 1.16) |
0.299 | 1.049 (0.95, 1.16) |
0.359 | 1.043 (0.94, 1.16) |
0.419 | 1.11 (0.98, 1.27) |
0.107 |
| GGT, U/L (N=454) | 143 | 16.8 | 1.059 (0.98, 1.15) |
0.155 | 1.036 (0.96, 1.12) |
0.391 | 1.041 (0.96, 1.13) |
0.339 | 1.03 (0.95, 1.12) |
0.498 |
| IL-2, pg/mL (N=202) | 65 | 466.7 | 1.074 (0.92, 1.25) |
0.360 | 1.117 (0.96, 1.31) |
0.162 | 1.136 (0.99, 1.31) |
0.077 | 1.09 (0.94, 1.26) |
0.259 |
Abbreviations: NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; CAC, coronary artery calcium; sICAM, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule; LpPLA2, lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2; hsCRP; high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; GGT, gamma glutamyltransferase; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-2, interleukin-2; PR, prevalence ratio; CI, confidence interval
Number of study participants with CAC>100
SD, standard deviation for each candidate biomarker, taken from the SD of the group as a whole (N=460)
Model 1: Multivariable log-binomial regression model adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity and MESA study site.
Model 2: Model 1 + smoking history, and alcohol intake servings/day).
Model 3: Model 2 + body mass index (BMI) and diabetes.
Model 4: Model 3 + systolic blood pressure, use of anti-hypertensive medications, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, use of lipid-lowering medications and physical activity (continuous metabolic equivalent minutes [MET-MIN] per week)