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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer. 2018 Apr 1;124(Suppl 7):1552–1559. doi: 10.1002/cncr.31216

Table 3.

Multivariable models of factors associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) screening knowledge and behaviors among Filipinos, Hmong, and Koreans (N=981)

Know screening prevents CRC
N=955
Ever screened for CRC
N=955
Up-to-date for CRC screening
N=955
Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)
Socio-demographics
Born in the US (ref. Other) 0.97 (0.11, 8.70) 1.56 (0.47, 5.26) 5.62 (1.40, 22.65)
At least high school education (ref. < high school) 1.72 (1.06, 2.79) 0.96 (0.59, 1.55) 0.91 (0.58, 1.43)
Ethnicity
Hmong (ref. Filipino) 0.31 (0.13, 0.73) 0.85 (0.41, 1.75) 0.61 (0.34,1.12)
Korean (ref. Filipino) 0.28 (0.14, 0.58) 0.42 (0.22, 0.78) 0.63 (0.37,1.09)
Hmong (ref. Korean) 1.10 (0.49, 2.44) 2.03 (0.96, 4.27) 0.97(0.51, 1.86)
Health and healthcare factors
Has family history of colorectal cancer (ref. No) 0.96 (0.53, 1.72) 1.78 (1.07, 2.97) 2.12 (1.24, 3.64)
Has health insurance (ref. No) 0.84 (0.43, 1.62) 1.76 (1.09, 2.84) 1.89 (1.10, 3.25)
Has a regular place for healthcare (ref. No) 2.20 (1.16, 4.17) 2.16 (1.33, 3.51) 1.88 (1.08, 3.29)
Has a primary care doctor (ref. No) 1.03 (0.50, 2.13) 1.61 (0.87, 2.98) 1.93 (1.10, 3.83)
Of those who have a primary care doctor, the doctor is Asian (ref. No) 0.65 (0.44, 0.95) 0.76 (0.53, 1.10) 0.78 (0.55, 1.11)
Saw a doctor in the last 12 months (ref. No) 1.33 (0.75, 2.37) 1.36 (0.83, 2.24) 2.37 (1.48, 3.79)
Knowledge about causes of colorectal cancer
Fatty diet (ref. No) 2.23 (1.14, 4.37) 1.93 (1.24, 3.00) 1.38 (0.84, 2.27)
Beliefs about colorectal cancer causes
Belief in Karma (ref. No) 0.21 (0.06, 0.69) 2.56 (0.33, 20.04) 2.65 (0.56, 12.60)
Fate’s, God’s will (ref. No) 0.86 (0.40, 1.85) 0.47 (0.27, 0.84) 0.60 (0.33, 1.08)
Knowledge about colorectal cancer prevention
Exercising (ref. No) 1.78 (1.14, 2.79) 1.00 (0.67, 1.48) 1.18 (0.83, 1.67)
Beliefs about what can prevent colorectal cancer
Praying (ref. No) 1.10 (0.66, 1.82) 0.61 (0.39, 0.93) 0.76 (0.50, 1.14)
Getting rest (ref. No) 0.54 (0.31, 0.94) 0.86 (0.60, 1.22) 0.92 (0.62, 1.38)
Seeing a traditional healer (ref. No) 3.68 (1.26, 10.73) 0.56 (0.26, 1.20) 1.01 (0.45, 2.25)
Having regular bowel moments (ref. No) 2.82 (1.74, 4.57) 1.21 (0.79, 1.83) 1.10 (0.71, 1.70)
Avoid alcohol (ref. No) 2.64 (1.38, 5.05) 0.98 (0.59, 1.63) 1.16 (0.72, 1.88)

All models also include the following covariates not significant in any model: age, gender, years in the U.S., English proficiency, employment, marital status, income, self-rated health, needing an interpreter, needing help reading health materials, saw a traditional healer in last 12 months, knowledge of some CRC causes (lack of physical activity, alcohol use), believing in some CRC causes (lack of rest, negative emotions, working too hard, stress, toxins), knowledge about some prevention methods (taking aspirin, not smoking, eating fiber), beliefs about some prevention methods (drinking water, taking traditional Asian herbs, keeping a positive attitude, and doing nothing).