Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of US Adults Who Participated in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (n = 90,317), by Daily Coffee Intake, 1998–2009
| Characteristic | Coffee Consumption, cups/day |
P Valuea | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (n = 14,585) |
<1 (n = 14,600) |
2–3 (n = 34,083) |
≥6 (n = 3,240) |
||||||
| % | Median (IQR) | % | Median (IQR) | % | Median (IQR) | % | Median (IQR) | ||
| Male sex | 40.2 | 44.5 | 47.6 | 62.1 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white race | 90.6 | 84.8 | 93.7 | 97.5 | <0.0001 | ||||
| College graduate | 38.9 | 38.7 | 36.1 | 28.2 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Employed or homemaker | 57.4 | 53.6 | 52.5 | 55.4 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Married or living as married | 78.8 | 74.9 | 79.5 | 76.2 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Current cigarette smoker | 4.0 | 5.2 | 9.8 | 31.8 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Diabetes | 6.4 | 6.7 | 5.2 | 4.8 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Body mass indexb ≥25 | 64.9 | 65.6 | 66.4 | 66.9 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Regular ibuprofen usec | 25.6 | 27.7 | 29.9 | 29.4 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Regular aspirin usec | 38.0 | 42.3 | 46.0 | 46.4 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Supplemental vitamin usec | 85.9 | 86.3 | 84.5 | 78.6 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Alcohol intake ≥3 drinks/day | 17.1 | 34.6 | 50.0 | 43.2 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Family history of cancerd | 56.3 | 55.4 | 56.5 | 55.7 | 0.17 | ||||
| Randomized to screening arm | 51.2 | 51.1 | 51.5 | 50.0 | 0.63 | ||||
| Current receipt of MHTe | 54.8 | 54.2 | 53.5 | 44.2 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Age, years | 65 (60–69) | 65 (60–70) | 65 (61–70) | 64 (60–68) | <0.0001 | ||||
| Dietary intake | |||||||||
| Total energy, kcal/day | 1,558 (1,189–2,031) | 1,532 (1,162–2,018) | 1,622 (1,242–2,114) | 1,931 (1,461–2,518) | <0.0001 | ||||
| Fruits, servings/day | 1.7 (1.0–2.5) | 1.6 (1.0–2.4) | 1.4 (0.8–2.1) | 1.0 (0.5–1.6) | <0.0001 | ||||
| Vegetables, servings/day | 2.2 (1.6–2.9) | 2.2 (1.5–2.9) | 2.1 (1.5–2.8) | 1.9 (1.3–2.6) | <0.0001 | ||||
| Red meat, g/day | 27.0 (16.3–40.8) | 28.6 (17.8–42.6) | 32.0 (21.1–45.5) | 36.2 (24.2–51.9) | <0.0001 | ||||
| White meat, g/day | 22.4 (12.8–38.1) | 24.1 (14.1–40.1) | 23.6 (14.2–38.2) | 19.6 (11.3–32.2) | <0.0001 | ||||
| Saturated fat, % of kcal/day | 9.9 (7.8–11.9) | 9.5 (7.6–11.6) | 10.0 (8.1–12.0) | 11.2 (8.9–13.3) | <0.0001 | ||||
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; MHT, menopausal hormone therapy.
a P value from a χ2 test for categorical variables and a Jonckheere-Terpstra test for trend for continuous variables.
b Weight (kg)/height (m)2.
c In the previous 12 months.
d Cancer (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) in a first-degree relative.
e Women with nonmissing data on MHT use only (n = 48,307).