Table 2. Adverse childhood experiences.
| Adverse Childhood Experience | Male N(%) | Female N(%) | Total N(%) | Significance (χ2, df, p-value*) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure to emotional abuse | 29 (17.5%) | 69 (29.5%) | 98 (24.5%) | 6.964; 1; 0.008* |
| Exposure to emotional neglect | 29 (17.6%) | 73 (31.3%) | 102 (25.6%) | 8.880; 1; 0.003* |
| Exposure to physical abuse | 7 (4.2%) | 34 (14.5%) | 41 (10.3%) | 10.134; 1; 0.001* |
| Exposure to physical neglect | 9 (5.5%) | 35 (15.0%) | 44 (11.0%) | 7.964; 1; 0.005* |
| Explosure to sexual abuse | 8 (4.8%) | 20 (8.6%) | 28 (7.1%) | 1.557; 1; 0.212 |
| Exposure to domestic violence | 21 (12.7%) | 44 (18.9%) | 65 (16.3%) | 2.248; 1; 0.134 |
| Substance abuse by family member | 15 (9.1%) | 45 (19.4%) | 60 (15.1%) | 7.199; 1; 0.007* |
| Mental illness of family member | 11 (6.7%) | 19 (8.1%) | 30 (7.5%) | 0.122;1; 0.727 |
| Family member in prison | 7 (4.2%) | 10 (4.3%) | 17 (4.3%) | 0.000;1; 1.000 |
| Parents divorced or separated | 28 (17.0%) | 68 (29.1%) | 96 (24.1%) | 7.094;1; 0.008* |
| Number of ACEs experienced | 17.055;4; 0.002* | |||
| 0 | 101 (61.2%) | 101 (44.1%) | 202 (51.3%) | |
| 1 | 20 (12.1%) | 31 (13.5%) | 51 (12.9%) | |
| 2 | 16 (9.7%) | 33 (14.4%) | 49 (12.4%) | |
| 3 | 15 (9.1%) | 18 (17.9%) | 33 (8.4%) | |
| 4+ | 13 (7.9%) | 46 (20.1%) | 59 (15.0%) | |
*p < .05