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Data and analysis are the same as in Fig 5. (A) 3.17 log2 fold increase in Bifidobacterium in men taking vs. not taking metformin when both groups are not opioid users (q = 0.03). (B) 3.67 log2 fold decrease in Bifidobacterium in men taking vs. not taking metformin when both groups are opioid users (q = 0.01).
