| Activity: |
| Standing: staying in an upright position, on four legs. |
| Walking: walking in the fenced area within the shelter. |
| Trotting: trotting in the fenced area within the shelter. |
| Galloping: galloping in the fenced area within the shelter. |
| In/out: going in and out of the indoor/outdoor zone of the cage. |
| Aggressive behaviour: |
| Growling: threatening vocalisation coming from the throat. |
| Sideways glance: looking transversely with the head upright or bent. The glance is threatening. |
| Raising fur: raising the fur of the head, body and tail so that the dog appears to have a larger size and is thus more threatening. |
| Curling lip: light raising of the upper lip, usually only on one side, with a threatening partial display of the teeth. |
| Showing teeth: curling of the upper and lower lips while opening the mouth with a threatening display of the teeth, particularly the canine teeth. |
| Dashing at bars: dashing at bars in the direction of the observer, of another person or of another dog. |
| Displacing activities: |
| Body shaking: shaking the body quickly sideward. |
| Scratching: raising one hind leg and vigorously scratching part of the body. |
| Muzzle licking: passing the tongue over the muzzle. |
| Yawning: opening the mouth and inhaling and exhaling air. |
| Spinning in place: turning on itself, when this behaviour is recorded in the cage, it might take the place of running. |
| Auto-grooming: cleaning itself with the tongue and the teeth. |
| Stereotyped or repetitive behaviour: |
| Repetitive pacing in circles: repetitive walking in a circle within the cage. |
| Licking or biting compulsively: repeatedly licking or biting the bars, the wall and objects. |
| Catching flies: trying to catch an imaginary fly with the mouth, clutching at empty air with the teeth. |
| Coprophagy. |
| Self-mutilation: licking itself continuously in same part of the body, so intensely to cause abrasions or even wounds. |
| Attention: |
| Raising ears |
| Looking outside: looking outside the cage. |
| Looking out carefully: looking outside the cage very carefully; the position resembles that described for "prompt" but the dog is not ready to spring up. |
| Looking at observer: looking at the observer. |
| Looking at unknown people: looking at people the dog does not know. |
| Looking at volunteer: looking at a shelter volunteer worker. |
| Looking at dog: looking at another dog. |
| Raising foreleg: raising one foreleg. |
| Raising forelegs on wall: raising both forelegs onto the wall or onto the bars, looking carefully outside |
| Olfactory investigation |
| Sniffing environment: putting the muzzle on the ground, on the wall, or on the objects in the cage, the dog sniffs the environment. |
| Sniffing air: raising the head, moving the nostrils and breathing the air to perceive odours. |
| Sniffing observer: pointing the muzzle towards the observer, the dog moves the nostrils clearly trying to perceive the odours of the observer. |
| Sniffing unknown people: pointing the muzzle towards people the dog does not know, the dog moves the nostrils clearly trying to perceive their odours. |
| Sniffing volunteer: pointing the muzzle towards volunteers working in the shelter, the dog moves the nostrils clearly trying to perceive their odours. |
| Sniffing dog: pointing the muzzle towards another dog, the subject moves the nostrils clearly trying to perceive the object’s odours. |
| Dominant behaviour: |
| Staring at: gazing at the observer, another person or another dog right in the eyes. |
| Stiff body and tail still: standing still in an upright posture, with the ears raised and turned forward, the four legs straight and rigid and the tail immobile and rigid at a medium height. |
| Raised tail: the tail is held high while it is still. |
| Wagging with the tail held high: moving the tail sideward while held high. |
| Pricked-up ears: holding the ears forwards while assuming an upright body posture with head and tail held high, legs straight and stiff. |
| Paw or a muzzle on a conspecific’s back: putting the muzzle or one forepaw or both over the back of another dog. |
| Submissive behaviour: |
| Avoiding eye contact: looking away from the observer, another human or another dog, who is looking at the subject. |
| Lowering head: lowering the head in front of the observer, another human or another dog. |
| Ears down: putting the ears down, pressed on the head, or holding them backwards. |
| Cringing: lying with the ventral region in contact with the ground. |
| Tail between the legs: holding the tail down or tightly between the hind legs and against the belly. |
| Lying down on back: laying down on the back exposing the ventral side of the chest and sometimes the abdomen. |
| Vocal communicability: |
| Barking: emitting an abrupt, loud, noisy, and often repetitive vocalisation characteristic of dogs. |
| Whining: emitting a mournful vocalisation. |
| Grumbling: emitting a low and deep vocalisation that seems to come from the chest, the dog generally has the mouth closed. |
| Mumbling: emitting a vocalisation that consists of a sort of inside murmur. |
| Howling: emitting a vocalisation that consists of a long, high and mournful sound; characteristic of wolves, quite rare in dogs. |
| Snorting: emitting a vocalisation while puffing out its cheek and emitting air. |
| Affiliative behaviour: |
| Waving tail: the tail is wagged sideward but not held high, in a relaxed manner. |
| Giving the foreleg: raising one of the forelegs and leaning it in the direction of the observer. |
| Leaning on bars: leaning the body in direct contact with the bars of the cage. |
| Licking the mouth: licking the muzzle of other dogs. |
| Passive contact: staying in contact with some part of the body, without sleeping. |
| Allo-grooming: cleaning the fur of another dog, licking and nibbling. |
| Resting: |
| Sitting: sitting down with the rump leaning on the ground. |
| Lying: lying down on the ground. |
| Dozing: curling up, the dog is half asleep. |
| Playing: |
| Inviting to play: inviting another dog or human to play: the dog bends down with the forelegs outstretched on the ground and the rump upwards, or brings an object, runs around and jumps. |
| Answering invitation to play: playing with another dog after having been invited to do so. |
| Showing object: taking an object into the mouth and showing it to another dog or to the observer. |
