Table 1.
Descriptive statistics measured over the duration of each experimental condition and within each experimental group.
| Group 1 (Children – Symbols) |
Group 2 (Children – Text) |
Adults (Text) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Passive (n = 31) |
Active (n=30) |
Passive (n=23) |
Active (n=23) |
Passive (n=8) |
Active (n=8) |
|
| Age* (years) | 5.0(1.0) | 5.1(1.1) | 7.5(1.2) | 25.3(2.8) | ||
| Spherical Equivalent Refractive Error*‡ (D) | +1.49(0.95) min=−0.37; max=+4.19 |
+1.38(1.00) min=−0.37; max=+4.19 |
+1.15(1.19) min = −0.25; max = +4.58 |
+0.65(0.42) min = −0.13; max = 1.15 |
||
| Accommodative* Lag (D) | 1.54(0.39) | 1.32(0.45) | 1.42(0.53) | 1.23(0.37) | 1.14(0.32) | 1.15(0.36) |
| Total Accommodative Response* (D) | 2.95(1.03) | 3.06(1.21) | 2.73(1.29) | 2.92(1.28) | 2.51(0.39) | 2.50(0.39) |
| RMSˆ (D) | 0.59 (0.39, 0.80) | 0.31 (0.28, 0.43) | 0.33 (0.26, 0.44) | 0.26 (0.22, 0.34) | 0.27 (0.22, 0.41) | 0.22 (0.18, 0.34) |
| LFCˆ (Hz) | 1.28E-03 (5.9E-4, 2.4E-03) |
3.83E-04 (2.2E-04, 5.9E-04) |
3.23E-04 (1.7E-04, 6.2E-04) |
1.93E-04 (1.1E-04, 3.0E-04) |
1.68E-04 (1.1E-04, 4.7E-04) |
1.1E-04 (6.9E-05, 2.6E-04) |
| Pupil Size (mm) | 5.8(0.7) | 5.9(0.7) | 5.9(0.8) | 6.1(0.6) | 5.0(0.6) | 5.6(1.0) |
RMS – Root mean square; LFC – low-frequency component (0-0.6Hz); D – diopters; Hz – hertz; mm – millimeters
*
Values are reported as mean(standard deviation)
ˆ
Values are reported as median and interquartile range
‡
Significant difference between mean refractive error of combined Groups 1 & 2 and the adults (two sample t-test, P = 0.0032)