Table 3.
Baseline Characteristics of the Weight And Veterans’ Environments Study (WAVES) I and II Super Cohort, Including MOVE! Weight Management Program Participanta and Control Comparison With and Without Application of Inverse Propensity Score Weights.
| N | Men | Women | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||||
| Overall | MOVE! Participants |
Comparison Group | Overall | MOVE! Participants |
Comparison Group | ||||||
|
|
|
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| Unweighted | Weighted | Unweighted | Weighted | ||||||||
|
| |||||||||||
| 3,035,525 | 147,646 | 2,887,879b | 225,590 | 22,264 | 203,326b | ||||||
|
| |||||||||||
| Patient Demographics | % (unless otherwise noted) | Cohen’s D | % (unless otherwise noted) | Cohen’s D | |||||||
| Age - 10 year groups | |||||||||||
| 20–29 | 4.4 | 1.6 | 4.6 | 1.6 | .001 | 14.9 | 6.4 | 15.9 | 6.3 | .003 | |
| 30–39 | 5.3 | 4.1 | 5.4 | 4.1 | .003 | 19.1 | 15.7 | 19.4 | 15.7 | .001 | |
| 40–49 | 9.4 | 12.0 | 9.3 | 11.9 | .003 | 24.2 | 29.5 | 23.7 | 29.5 | −.001 | |
| 50–59 | 19.4 | 27.0 | 19.0 | 27.0 | −.001 | 26.4 | 34.9 | 25.4 | 35.0 | −.002 | |
| 60–69 | 36.3 | 47.1 | 35.7 | 47.3 | −.004 | 10.6 | 11.9 | 10.4 | 11.9 | .001 | |
| 70–80 | 25.2 | 8.1 | 26.1 | 8.1 | .002 | 4.8 | 1.6 | 5.2 | 1.6 | .002 | |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 67.9 | 65.4 | 68.0 | 65.2 | .004 | 54.7 | 51.8 | 55.0 | 51.9 | −.001 | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 15.9 | 22.0 | 15.6 | 22.2 | −.005 | 28.4 | 36.1 | 27.5 | 36.2 | −.001 | |
| Hispanic | 4.3 | 5.1 | 4.2 | 5.2 | −.002 | 5.3 | 4.3 | 5.4 | 4.3 | .002 | |
| Other | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 | .000 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 2.7 | .002 | |
| Unknown | 10.0 | 5.4 | 10.2 | 5.3 | .003 | 8.5 | 5.0 | 8.9 | 5.0 | .002 | |
| Marital status | |||||||||||
| Married | 57.7 | 56.3 | 57.7 | 56.2 | .004 | 34.3 | 32.7 | 34.5 | 32.6 | .002 | |
| Separated or divorced | 22.6 | 24.3 | 22.5 | 24.4 | −.001 | 31.4 | 35.2 | 30.9 | 35.2 | .001 | |
| Widowed | 3.9 | 2.8 | 4.0 | 2.8 | −.000 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 3.5 | −.000 | |
| Single | 14.8 | 15.8 | 14.8 | 15.9 | −.004 | 28.7 | 27.3 | 28.8 | 27.5 | −.002 | |
| Unknown | 1.1 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.7 | −.000 | 2.0 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 1.3 | −.001 | |
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| Clinical Factors | |||||||||||
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| Health conditions | |||||||||||
| Cancer | 8.9 | 6.1 | 9.1 | 7.0 | −.039 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.7 | −.018 | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 5.5 | 3.6 | 5.6 | 3.6 | .001 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.9 | .004 | |
| COPD (not asthma) | 13.2 | 11.9 | 13.3 | 13.6 | −.055 | 10.3 | 13.3 | 10.0 | 14.4 | −.032 | |
| Congestive heart failure | 5.8 | 5.0 | 5.9 | 5.1 | −.000 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.2 | .002 | |
| Depression | 16.1 | 25.2 | 15.6 | 25.4 | −.005 | 28.2 | 40.3 | 26.8 | 40.5 | −.003 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 25.1 | 35.7 | 24.6 | 36.0 | −.005 | 9.7 | 15.3 | 9.0 | 15.3 | −.000 | |
| Hyperlipidemia | 43.7 | 49.2 | 43.5 | 49.4 | −.002 | 20.6 | 28.4 | 19.8 | 28.6 | −.004 | |
| Hypertension | 54.3 | 61.8 | 54.0 | 62.0 | −.004 | 25.8 | 35.3 | 24.8 | 35.3 | −.001 | |
| Osteoarthritis | 14.5 | 18.3 | 14.3 | 17.8 | .012 | 10.2 | 15.8 | 9.5 | 14.9 | .024 | |
| Body mass index: Mean (SD) | 29.9 (5.8) | 35.3 (6.6) | 29.6 (5.6) | 35.4 (6.6) | −.006 | 29.6 (6.5) | 34.4 (6.5) | 29.0 (6.3) | 34.4 (6.5) | −.004 | |
| Body weight status | |||||||||||
| Normal or underweight | 18.7 | 2.4 | 19.5 | 2.4 | .002 | 26.2 | 4.4 | 28.5 | 4.3 | .002 | |
| Overweight | 37.8 | 17.7 | 38.8 | 17.5 | .005 | 31.1 | 22.0 | 32.0 | 21.8 | .005 | |
| Obese | 43.6 | 79.9 | 41.7 | 80.1 | −.005 | 42.8 | 73.6 | 39.4 | 73.9 | −.006 | |
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| Healthcare Utilization | |||||||||||
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| |||||||||||
| Healthcare utilization: Mean (SD) | |||||||||||
| Primary care encounters, annual number | 3.0 (2.7) | 4.1 (3.5) | 3.0 (2.6) | 4.1(4.2) | .003 | 3.3 (2.8) | 4.4 (3.6) | 3.2 (2.6) | 4.4 (3.8) | .016 | |
| Hospital admissions, annual number | 0.2 (.6) | 0.2 (.6) | 0.2 (.6) | 0.2 (.6) | −.003 | 0.1 (.5) | 0.2 (.6) | 0.1 (.5) | 0.2 (.6) | −.005 | |
| Days in hospital, annual number | 1.2 (6.6) | 1.3 (6.4) | 1.2 (6.6) | 1.3 (6.3) | −.004 | 0.8 (5.6) | 1.2 (6.3) | 0.8 (5.6) | 1.2 (6.6) | −.005 | |
| Migration | |||||||||||
| Moved at least once in 5 years | 30.6 | 37.1 | 30.1 | 34.6 | .052 | 40.5 | 47.0 | 39.8 | 44.3 | .053 | |
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| Residential Environmental Attributes | |||||||||||
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| Census division | |||||||||||
| New England | 4.4 | 4.7 | 4.3 | 4.4 | .009 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.9 | .010 | |
| Middle Atlantic | 10.2 | 10.0 | 10.2 | 10.2 | −.006 | 7.5 | 7.8 | 7.4 | 7.7 | .004 | |
| East North Central | 14.6 | 18.3 | 14.4 | 18.6 | −.007 | 11.2 | 14.1 | 10.9 | 14.5 | −.010 | |
| West North Central | 7.6 | 7.4 | 7.7 | 7.3 | .004 | 5.9 | 6.8 | 5.8 | 6.2 | .025 | |
| South Atlantic | 23.2 | 20.7 | 23.3 | 20.9 | −.004 | 28.8 | 26.5 | 29.0 | 27.1 | −.013 | |
| East South Central | 8.0 | 5.5 | 8.1 | 5.4 | .005 | 7.9 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 6.8 | .007 | |
| West South Central | 12.9 | 12.4 | 12.9 | 11.9 | .015 | 15.0 | 15.1 | 15.0 | 14.9 | .004 | |
| Mountain | 8.1 | 10.1 | 8.0 | 10.0 | .002 | 9.3 | 9.8 | 9.2 | 9.9 | −.002 | |
| Pacific | 11.1 | 11.0 | 11.1 | 11.3 | −.01 | 11.5 | 9.9 | 11.7 | 10.1 | −.009 | |
| Urbanicity | |||||||||||
| Large central metro | 22.4 | 26.9 | 22.2 | 26.9 | −.001 | 26.0 | 27.1 | 25.9 | 27.4 | −.007 | |
| Large fringe metro | 19.6 | 18.9 | 19.6 | 18.9 | .001 | 20.5 | 18.7 | 20.7 | 18.7 | .002 | |
| Medium metro | 23.5 | 24.4 | 23.4 | 24.3 | .002 | 26.1 | 27.6 | 25.9 | 27.6 | −.000 | |
| Small metro | 12.3 | 12.0 | 12.3 | 12.1 | −.002 | 11.9 | 11.6 | 11.9 | 11.8 | −.004 | |
| Micropolitan | 13.9 | 11.7 | 14.0 | 11.5 | .008 | 10.5 | 10.2 | 10.6 | 9.8 | .012 | |
| Non-core | 8.4 | 6.1 | 8.5 | 6.4 | −.011 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 5.1 | 4.8 | −.001 | |
| Census tract demographics: Mean (SD) | |||||||||||
| Percent below poverty | 14.4 (10.6) | 14.8 (11.3) | 14.4 (10.6) | 14.8 (11.3) | −.004 | 14.7 (10.5) | 15.4 (11.0) | 14.6 (10.4) | 15.4 (11.0) | −.002 | |
| Median household income ($) | 50,907 (20,796) | 50,529 (20,411) | 50,926 (20,815) | 50,504 (20,414) | .001 | 51,416 (20,106) | 49,403 (19,160) | 51,636 (20,194) | 49,357 (19,177) | .002 | |
| Population density | 3,240 (8,071) | 4,053 (9,446) | 3,198 (7,992) | 4,108 (9,503) | −.006 | 3,543 (7,777) | 3,823 (8,221) | 3,503 (7,729) | 3,831 (8,170) | −.001 | |
| (Dis)amenities – count within 1 mile | |||||||||||
| Supermarket: Mean (SD) | 1.0 (1.8) | 1.1 (1.9) | .95 (1.8) | 1.1 (2.0) | −.008 | 1.0 (1.7) | 1.1 (1.8) | 1.0 (1.7) | 1.1 (1.7) | .004 | |
| Supermarket: 1+ | 47.1 | 51.4 | 46.8 | 51.9 | −.006 | 50.1 | 52.5 | 49.8 | 52.8 | .001 | |
| Convenience store: Mean (SD) | 3.6 (4.6) | 4.1 (5.1) | 3.6 (4.6) | 4.2 (5.1) | −.007 | 3.9 (4.5) | 4.2 (4.7) | 3.8 (4.5) | 4.2 (4.7) | −.003 | |
| Convenience store: 1+ | 69.5 | 74.0 | 69.2 | 74.5 | −.006 | 74.7 | 77.3 | 74.4 | 77.6 | −.003 | |
| Fast food restaurant: Mean (SD) | 7.9 (16.3) | 9.3 (18.0) | 7.8 (16.2) | 9.5 (18.6) | −.007 | 8.2 (14.7) | 8.8 (15.6) | 8.2 (14.6) | 8.8 (15.5) | −.005 | |
| Fast food restaurant: 1+ | 70.9 | 75.7 | 70.6 | 75.9 | −.004 | 75.9 | 77.7 | 75.7 | 77.8 | −.003 | |
| Park: Mean (SD) | 2.0 (2.7) | 2.3 (2.9) | 1.9 (2.7) | 2.3 (2.9) | −.004 | 2.0 (2.6) | 2.2 (2.8) | 2.0 (2.7) | 2.2 (2.8) | −.004 | |
| Park: 1+ | 59.0 | 64.9 | 58.7 | 65.1 | −.004 | 61.4 | 64.0 | 61.1 | 64.3 | −.007 | |
| Park area (in acres): Mean (SD) | 67.8 (205.1) | 68.5 (183.6) | 67.7 (206.2) | 68.4 (181.6) | .004 | 62.8 (176.7) | 63.3 (170.7) | 62.7 (177.4) | 62.7 (163.0) | .006 | |
| Commercial fitness facility: Mean (SD) | 3.1 (7.0) | 3.4 (6.8) | 3.1 (7.0) | 3.5 (7.0) | −.005 | 3.1 (5.7) | 3.3 (6.0) | 3.1 (5.6) | 3.3 (5.7) | −.004 | |
| Commercial fitness facility: 1+ | 64.5 | 69.1 | 64.3 | 69.6 | −.006 | 68.7 | 70.7 | 68.4 | 71.1 | −.003 | |
a
Based on MOVE! engagement in any of 6 years (2009–2014)
b
A total of 1,249 individuals (n=1,168 men and n=81 women) were excluded from the comparison group because they were missing data on census tract poverty rate and/or median household income.