. 2018 Feb 2;55(4):1295–1305. doi: 10.1007/s13197-018-3040-2

Table 2.

Volatile compounds in P. retrofractum fresh fruit at different maturity stages

#	RI^a	Compound	Total area (× 10⁵)									Odor descriptor^b	Identification^c
#	RI^a	Compound	GM			OM			RM			Odor descriptor^b	Identification^c
Aldehydes
1	892	3-Methyl-1-butanal	247.91	±	6.09	268.51	±	5.33	323.13	±	1.01	Malty^d, green^e	RI, MS
2	1075	Hexanal	10.85	±	3.91	4.25	±	1.59	2.05	±	0.60	Green, grass^f	RI, MS, PC
3	1214	2-Hexenal	15.84	±	12.05	4.02	±	1.63	1.77	±	0.83	Fragrant, sweet^f, fruity, green^e	RI, MS, PC
Sub-total			274.60			276.78			326.95
Alcohols
4	909	Ethanol	6.08	±	0.88	2.75	±	0.25	3.27	±	0.70	Alcohol^g	RI, MS
5	1544	Linalool	169.53	±	8.64	97.00	±	2.93	94.59	±	2.88	Fresh, floral, clean, sweet, lemon^g	RI, MS, PC
Sub-total			175.60			99.75			97.87
Hydrocarbons
6	1015	α-Pinene	62.87	±	5.47	32.45	±	8.00	28.75	±	3.09	Fruity, piney^h	RI, MS, PC
7	1060	Camphene	30.82	±	1.04	15.73	±	1.49	16.34	±	1.79	Camphoraceous, mild-oilyⁱ	RI, MS, PC
8	1096	β-Pinene	43.75	±	7.43	24.00	±	4.73	21.46	±	2.11	Woody, piney^h	RI, MS, PC
9	1151	β-Myrcene	14.21	±	2.44	7.58	±	0.72	7.39	±	0.95	Mild, sweetⁱ	RI, MS, PC
10	1188	α-Limonene	29.18	±	5.54	15.58	±	2.55	13.62	±	1.99	Fresh, citrus, lemon^j	RI, MS, PC
11	1224	β-Ocimene	50.61	±	0.29	28.11	±	3.60	22.75	±	3.24	Green, herbalⁱ, fruity^h	RI, MS
12	1242	α-Ocimene	95.40	±	1.18	48.98	±	4.32	41.25	±	3.79	Fruity, wet cloth^h	RI, MS
13	1256	Terpinolene	3.46	±	1.60	1.86	±	0.26	2.15	±	0.28	Pineyⁱ, lemon^j	RI, MS, PC
14	1289	Tridecane	9.09	±	1.38	15.27	±	3.98	17.76	±	1.28	–	RI, MS, PC
15	1494	n-Pentadecane	26.00	±	4.60	48.44	±	8.84	52.83	±	3.03	–	RI, MS, PC
16	1501	α-Copaene	9.75	±	1.26	5.02	±	0.41	4.58	±	0.45	Sweet, floral^k	RI, MS
17	1614	β-Caryophyllene	235.27	±	4.28	126.18	±	5.76	100.18	±	6.52	Woody, spicy^j	RI, MS, PC
18	1666	trans-β-Farnesene	12.72	±	5.18	13.22	±	3.86	10.70	±	1.53	Citrus, green^k	RI, MS
19	1689	α-Caryophyllene	155.69	±	3.79	87.90	±	2.85	72.66	±	5.36	Woody, spicy^j	RI, MS, PC
20	1696	α-Cadinene	13.85	±	0.99	25.66	±	1.36	26.63	±	2.54	Woody^l	RI, MS
21	1704	β-Bisabolene	6.67	±	0.56	4.10	±	0.67	4.10	±	0.78	Woody, leaf^m	RI, MS, PC
22	1709	8-Heptadecene	8.59	±	0.80	4.45	±	1.66	3.16	±	0.93	Earthy, mossⁿ	RI, MS
23	1719	Epizonarene	8.69	±	0.39	17.16	±	1.43	17.35	±	0.74	–	RI, MS
24	1729	γ-Muurolene	155.75	±	1.98	132.74	±	7.91	108.33	±	2.66	Woody^o	RI, MS
25	1745	α-Selinene	21.19	±	1.69	12.47	±	1.73	11.22	±	1.56	Woody^j	RI, MS
26	1772	(+)-δ-Cadinene	11.49	±	0.87	6.94	±	1.08	7.16	±	1.68	Spicy, woody^j	RI, MS
27	1778	γ-Cadinene	7.40	±	0.58	4.40	±	0.63	4.58	±	0.92	Fragrant^p	RI, MS
28	1786	α-Panasinsene	19.45	±	2.04	11.26	±	1.57	9.77	±	0.84	–	RI, MS
Sub-total			1031.89			689.52			604.70
Acid
29	1451	Acetic acid	15.27	±	0.52	9.60	±	1.48	7.65	±	1.70	Sour, vinegar^j	RI, MS, PC
Sub-total			15.27			9.60			7.65
Ketones
30	1389	2-Nonanone	14.22	±	7.98	7.04	±	1.12	8.56	±	1.73	Mint^q	RI, MS
31	1526	Camphor	8.93	±	7.21	17.13	±	6.14	14.50	±	1.50	Camphor^r	RI, MS, PC
32	1588	Calarene	6.00	±	0.67	3.59	±	0.43	3.36	±	0.19	Green^l	RI, MS
Sub-total			29.15			27.77			26.42
Ethers
33	817	Methyl acetate	6.24	±	1.37	2.23	±	0.22	1.72	±	0.10	Fruity^s	RI, MS
34	1861	Methyl 3-phenylpropanoate	14.67	±	1.73	3.63	±	0.72	3.36	±	0.15	–	RI, MS
Sub-total			20.91			5.86			5.08
Total identified/detected			1547.42			1109.28			1068.67

Values are expressed as mean ± S.D. (n = 3)

^aRetention indices relative to n-alkanes on a polar DB-Wax column

^bOdor descriptors of volatile compounds identified in the literature

^cIdentification based on retention index (RI), NIST MS library (MS), and authentic standards analyzed by mass spectrometry (PC)

^dKumazawa and Masuda (2002)

^eWang et al. (2008)

^fQin et al. (2013)

^gJirovetz et al. (2005)

^hJordán et al. (2003)

ⁱAlvarez et al. (2011)

^jCheong et al. (2012)

^kUsami et al. (2013)

^lCosta et al. (2008)

^mMacleod and De Troconis (1982)

ⁿSelli et al. (2006)

^oSant’Anna et al. (2007)

^pMacLeod and Pieris (1982)

^qGalvão et al. (2011)

^rVera et al. (2014)

^sSu and Chien (2010)