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Schematic representation of HA processing by EK and trypsinogen. The novel pathway that enhances IAV infection via EK is shown with solid arrows. EK activates trypsinogen PRSSs to process the precursor HA0 into the active HA1 and HA2 conformations. The known transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS) pathway, involving TMPRSS2, TMPRSS4, and HAT, which directly activates HA processing, is shown with open arrows.
