Table 2.

Disease specific risk factors and predictors of malnutrition.

Parkinson's disease	greater age baseline weight female gender higher baseline Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) greater postural instability lower cognitive scores baseline levodopa use difficulty in eating and drinking
Stroke	dysphagia Immobility complications (e.g., pneumonia, thrombosis, depression)
ALS	depression excessive salivation dyspnea dysphagia difficulty with self-feeding and preparing meals due to paresis constipation cognitive decline
Epilepsy	antiepileptic drugs (felbamate, topiramate, zonisamide)
Multiple sclerosis	dysphagia