Figure 2.

Ginseng pretreatment attenuates sensorimotor deficits and promotes long-term functional recovery over 4 weeks after ischemic stroke, but not in Nrf2^−/− mice. (A) Experimental design. Ginseng pretreatment did not affect the body weight change (B) or locomotor activity (C) at any indicated time points compared to vehicle-pretreated controls of both genotypes. However, Ginseng pretreatment protected against sensorimotor deficits and improved the recovery over 4 weeks after pMCAO in wildtype (WT) mice, but failed to do so in Nrf2^−/− mice, a finding reflected by significantly increased percentages of both total forelimb use and first contact events with both forelimbs on day 3 after pdMCAO (P < 0.05, D,E, respectively). At the late stage (3–28 days), Ginseng pretreatment dramatically promoted the long-term sensorimotor recovery (days 7 and 28: P < 0.05, E) to baseline level. (F) The left turn percentage in corner test. n = 17–23 per group. *P < 0.05, ^#P < 0.05. d, day.