Figure 3.

Ginseng pretreatment attenuates the expansion of infarct volume following experimental ischemic stroke in WT mice, but not in Nrf2^−/− mice. The effect of Ginseng pretreatment on infarct volume on day 1 and 3 after ischemic stroke was determined by either TTC (A,B) or cresyl violet (C,D) staining in both WT and Nrf2^−/− mice. The representative photographs and quantification of infarct volume in serial coronal sections showed that, on day 1 (A,B), there was no significant difference between either treatments or genotypes. However, on day 3 (B,D), Ginseng pretreatment significantly reduced the infarct volume in WT mice (P < 0.05), but not in Nrf2^−/− mice, while Nrf2 deficiency also increased the infarct size (P < 0.05) in vehicle-pretreated groups. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-tests. n = 5–6 per group. *P < 0.05, ^#P < 0.05. TTC: 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride.