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. 2018 Mar 29;8:5383. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23620-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Ultrastructural evaluation of mucosal eosinophils. Duodenal biopsy samples from healthy volunteers (control) and patients with FD were used to evaluate degranulation of eosinophils using transmission electron microscopy. Visual analysis of the presence (n = 25 for controls and n = 17 for patients with FD) (A) and degree (n = 15 for controls and n = 14 for patients with FD) (B) of degranulation in eosinophils. Quantitative analysis of eosinophilic granular density evaluated as the pixel intensity distribution (C) and the mean intensity per granule (D) (n = 25 for controls and n = 15 for patients with FD). (E) Representative transmission electron micrographs of eosinophils in mucosal biopsy specimens obtained from a control (left) and a patient with FD (right). Lower panels show representative cytoplasmic granules from each group. Note higher loss of granular content in granules from FD group (arrows). Bars indicate magnification (top panels: 2 µm; low panels: 0.5 µm) **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. FD, functional dyspepsia; N, nuclei; PMD, piecemeal degranulation.