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. 2018 Mar 29;8:5402. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23656-0

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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LC-QQQ-based assessment of the concentration of antibiotics following incubation with different doses of RC85⁺ or RC85 OMVs in a cell-free system. The initial concentrations were as follows: ampicillin, 20 μg/mL (a); cefoperazone, 5 μg/mL (b); and cefotaxime, 5 μg/mL (c). One microgram per milliliter or 10 μg/mL of RC85⁺ OMVs or 10 μg/mL of RC85 OMVs in sterilized PBS were mixed with ampicillin, cefoperazone, or cefotaxime. Filtered PBS containing the respective antibiotics without OMVs were used as a positive control and taken as 100%, and the corresponding concentrations of antibiotics in samples treated with RC85⁺ OMVs or RC85 OMVs were analyzed. All samples were incubated at 37 °C with shaking at 150 rpm, and diluted 20-fold for measurements. The concentrations of antibiotics were recorded at 18-h intervals for 36 h in triplicate. Bars indicate standard deviations. ****P < 0.0001.