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. 2018 Mar 9;18(3):831. doi: 10.3390/s18030831

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Time histories of the relative change in electrical resistance, ΔR/R₀, and of the applied strain, Δε, obtained from the electromechanical tests. In the plots, R₀ is the electrical resistance value with a preload of 0.5 kN: (a) Quasi-static load applied on concrete with 0.00% MWCTs; (b) Sine-sweep dynamic load applied on concrete with 0.00% MWCNTs; (c) Quasi-static load applied on concrete with 0.50% MWCNTs; (d) Sine-sweep dynamic load applied on concrete with 0.50% MWCNTs; (e) Quasi-static load applied on concrete with 1.00% MWCNTs; (f) Sine-sweep dynamic load applied on concrete with 1.00% MWCNTs.