Table 2. Characteristics and Scores of the 11 Studies Included in This Systematic Reviewa.
| Source | Study Design | VAM Type | Patient Population | HRQoL Measure | Results, Mean (SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Durr et al,12 2017 | Cross-sectional | VM or LM | 19 Patients with head and neck VM, mean (SD) age, 7.1 (4.7) years; 64 patients with disease in other locations, mean (SD) age, 7.3 (4.9) years | OSA-18 | Head and neck VMs or LMs: QoL: 7.6 (1.6); OSA-18: 2.1 (1.0); sleep disturbance: 9.2 (4.8); physical symptoms: 8.3 (4.7); emotional distress: 6.6 (4.3); daytime function: 6.7 (4.4); caregiver concerns: 6.8 (4.4); VMs or LMs at other locations: QoL: 8.9 (1.5); OSA-18: 1.6 (0.82); sleep disturbance: 6.1 (3.5); physical symptoms: 6.6 (3.6); emotional distress: 4.9 (3.5); daytime function: 4.7 (2.6); caregiver concerns: 6.2 (4.9) |
| Wohlgemuth et al,13 2017 | Cohort | VMs of the lower extremities | 16 Adults and 15 children, mean age, 23.42 y | SF-36 version 2 and SF-10 | SF-36 version 2: PF: 75.99 (17.34); RP: 71.66 (21.50); BP: 40.33 (16.35); GH: 58.33 (19.07); VT: 58.75 (17.95); SF: 79.16 (26.16); RE: 82.77 (20.76); MH: 74.33 (17.20); SF-10: PHS: 25.25 (9.59); PSS: 51.08 (8.84) |
| Hagen et al,8 2017 | Cross-sectional | Facial CM | 244 Patients, mean (SD) age, 38.9 (13.2) years | Skindex-29 | Skindex-29 symptoms: 14.9 (18.4); emotions: 34.4 (25.8); functioning: 24.3 (22.3); total: 24.6 (19.1) |
| Ono et al,14 2016 | Cohort | VM | 28 Patients, mean age, 25.3 y | SF-36 version 2 | SF-36 version 2: PF: 90 (24.34); RP: 81 (39.16); BP: 63 (26.03); GH: 68 (22.16); VT: 63 (18.78); SF: 85 (27.58); RE: 88 (31.91); MH: 73 (19.98) |
| Sheikh et al,15 2015 | Cross-sectional | LM neck mass | 13 Patients, mean age NA | PedsQL | Physical: 83; psychosocial health summary: 78; emotional: 78; social: 79; school: 71 |
| Ramien et al,16 2014 | Cohort | VM | 6 Patients, mean age NA | CDLQI | CDLQI: 5.5 |
| Fahrni et al,4 2014 | Cross-sectional | AVM, VM, CM, LM | 71 Patients, mean (SD) age, 40 (16) years | SF-36 | SF-36: PF: 81 (23); RP: 72 (39); BP: 64 (28); GH: 63 (18); VT: 57 (20); SF: 80 (25); RE: 80 (35); MH: 70 (18) |
| Oduber et al,17 2010 | Cross-sectional | KTS | 78 Patients, mean age, 39.3 y | SF-36 and Skindex-29 | SF-36: PF: 67.5 (30.5); RP: 59.9 (43); BP: 60.9 (22.8); GH: 57.4 (22.6); VT: 63.6 (18.8); SF: 77.3 (21.2); RE: 84.7 (34.2); MH: 77.9 (16.2); Skindex-29: symptoms: 26 (19.7); emotions: 21.9 (18.9); functioning: 17.3 (17.5); total: 20.8 (16.2) |
| Breugem et al,7 2004 | Cross-sectional | VM, LM, AVM, CM, KTS | 81 Patients, mean (SD) age, 30.4 (10.5) years | SF-36 | SF-36: PF: 83.2 (18.7); RP: 73.1 (40.7); BP: 68.9 (25.6); GH: 67 (26.6); VT: 62.7 (18.0); SF: 79.7 (22.5); RE: 78.2 (37.0); MH: 73.6 (17.6) |
| Holme et al,18 2002 | Cohort | Thread veins, CM | 11 Patients, mean age, 50 y | DLQI | DLQI: 8 (5.7) |
| Shakespeare et al,19 1998 | Cohort | VM and CM | 46 Patients, mean age NA | SF-36 | SF-36: PF: 88.60 (23.12); RP: 86.50 (30.00); BP: 82.02 (25.69); GH:75.60 (21.02); VT: 58.10 (21.11); SF: 78.46 (27.26); RE: 75.92 (37.57); MH: 64.96 (22.66) |
| Vascular malformations pooled cohort4,7,13,14,17,19 | NA | CM, VM, LM, AVM, KTS | 320 Patients | SF-36 | SF-36: PF: 79.9 (24.5); RP: 72.2 (39.3); BP: 65.8 (26.0); GH: 69.5 (22.2); VT: 64.3 (18.8); SF: 81.2 (27.6); RE: 75.8 (32.1); MH: 67.6 (20.1) |
| US general population21 | NA | NA | 2474 Patients | SF-36 | SF-36: PF: 84.2 (23.3); RP: 81.0 (34.0); BP: 75.2 (23.7); GH: 72.0 (20.3); VT: 60.9 (21.0); SF: 83.3 (22.7); RE: 81.3 (33.0); MH: 74.7 (18.1) |
Abbreviations: AVM, arteriovenous malformation; BP, bodily pain; CDLQI, Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index; CM, capillary malformation; DLQI, Dermatology Life Quality Index; GH, general health; KTS, Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome; LM, lymphatic malformation; MH, mental health; NA, not available; OSA-18, obstructive sleep apnea 18-item questionnaire; PedsQL, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory; PF, physical functioning; QoL, quality of life; RE, role emotion; RP, role physical; SF, social functioning; SF-10, 10-Item Short-Form Health Survey; SF-36, 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey; VAM, vascular malformation; VM, venous malformation; VT, vitality.
a
Also included are the pooled VAM cohort of the 6 quantitative studies and the general US population SF-36 scores.