Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Patients According to the Duration of Time From Surgery to Radiation (TS-RT).
| Characteristic | TS-RT | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | % (95% CI) | ||||
| ≤42 d | 43-49 d | ≥50 d | Difference Between 43-49 d and ≤42 d | Difference Between ≥50 d and ≤42 d | |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 7585 (78) | 3537 (75) | 7846 (73) | −3.0 (−4.5 to −1.5) | −4.5 (−5.6 to −3.3) |
| Female | 2180 (22) | 1198 (25) | 2870 (27) | 3.0 (1.5 to 4.5) | 4.5 (3.3 to 5.6) |
| Age, y | |||||
| ≤50 | 2389 (24) | 972 (21) | 2186 (20) | −3.9 (−5.4 to −2.5) | −4.1 (−5.2 to −2.9) |
| 51-60 | 3628 (37) | 1746 (37) | 3793 (35) | −0.3 (−2.0 to 1.4) | −1.8 (−3.1 to −0.4) |
| 61-70 | 2544 (26) | 1320 (28) | 2959 (28) | 1.8 (0.3 to 3.4) | 1.6 (0.3 to 2.8) |
| ≥71 | 1204 (12) | 697 (15) | 1778 (17) | 2.4 (1.2 to 3.6) | 4.3 (3.3 to 5.2) |
| Race | |||||
| White | 8788 (90) | 4147 (88) | 9239 (86) | −2.4 (−3.5 to −1.3) | −3.8 (−4.7 to −2.9) |
| Black | 657 (7) | 405 (9) | 1079 (10) | 1.8 (0.9 to 2.8) | 3.3 (2.6 to 4.1) |
| Other | 320 (3) | 183 (4) | 398 (4) | 0.6 (−0.1 to 1.2) | 0.4 (−0.1 to 0.9) |
| Educationa | |||||
| ≥21% | 1365 (14) | 744 (16) | 2005 (19) | 1.7 (0.5 to 3.0) | 4.7 (3.7 to 5.7) |
| 13%-20.9% | 2534 (26) | 1231 (26) | 2961 (28) | 0.1 (−1.5 to 1.6) | 1.7 (0.5 to 2.9) |
| 7%-12.9% | 3224 (33) | 1670 (35) | 3468 (32) | 2.3 (0.6 to 3.9) | −0.7 (−1.9 to 0.6) |
| <7% | 2540 (26) | 1032 (22) | 2158 (20) | −4.2 (−5.7 to −2.8) | −5.9 (−7.0 to −4.7) |
| Unknown | 102 (1) | 58 (1) | 124 (1) | 0.2 (−0.2 to 0.6) | 0.1 (−0.2 to 0.4) |
| Income, $b | |||||
| <38,000 | 1575 (16) | 847 (18) | 2109 (20) | 1.8 (0.4 to 3.1) | 3.6 (2.5 to 4.6) |
| 38 000-47 999 | 2292 (23) | 1183 (25) | 2758 (26) | 1.5 (0 to 3.0) | 2.3 (1.1 to 3.4) |
| 48 000-62 999 | 2678 (27) | 1288 (27) | 2834 (26) | −0.2 (−1.8 to 1.3) | −1.0 (−2.2 to 0.2) |
| ≥63 000 | 3114 (32) | 1359 (29) | 2886 (27) | −3.2 (−4.8 to −1.6) | −5.0 (−6.2 to −3.7) |
| Unknown | 106 (1) | 58 (1) | 129 (1) | 0.1 (−0.2 to 0.5) | 0.1 (−0.2 to 0.4) |
| Insurance | |||||
| Medicare | 2534 (26) | 1426 (30) | 3478 (32) | 4.2 (2.6 to 5.7) | 6.5 (5.3 to 7.7) |
| Medicaid | 754 (8) | 491 (10) | 1448 (14) | 2.6 (1.6 to 3.7) | 5.8 (5.0 to 6.6) |
| Private/managed care/other government | 5861 (60) | 2510 (53) | 4952 (46) | −7.0 (−8.7 to −5.3) | −13.8 (−15.2 to −12.5) |
| None | 456 (5) | 257 (5) | 680 (6) | 0.8 (−0 to 1.5) | 1.7 (1.1 to 2.3) |
| Unknown | 160 (2) | 51 (1) | 158 (1) | −0.6 (−0.9 to −0.2) | −0.2 (−0.5 to 0.2) |
| Charlson/Deyo score | |||||
| 0 | 7976 (82) | 3744 (79) | 8246 (77) | −2.6 (−4.0 to −1.2) | −4.7 (−5.8 to −3.6) |
| 1 | 1471 (15) | 783 (17) | 1946 (18) | 1.5 (0.2 to 2.7) | 3.1 (2.1 to 4.1) |
| ≥2 | 318 (3) | 208 (4) | 524 (5) | 1.1 (0.5 to 1.8) | 1.6 (1.1 to 2.2) |
| Disease site | |||||
| Tonsil | 4353 (45) | 1344 (28) | 2383 (22) | −16.2 (−17.8 to −14.6) | −22.3 (−23.6 to −21.1) |
| Nontonsil oropharynx | 1202 (12) | 527 (11) | 1094 (10) | −1.2 (−2.3 to −0.1) | −2.1 (−3.0 to −1.2) |
| Oral cavity | 2635 (27) | 1895 (40) | 4769 (45) | 13.0 (11.4 to 14.7) | 17.5 (16.2 to 18.8) |
| Larynx | 1360 (14) | 825 (17) | 2034 (19) | 3.5 (2.2 to 4.8) | 5.1 (4.0 to 6.1) |
| Hypopharynx | 215 (2) | 144 (3) | 436 (4) | 0.8 (0.3 to 1.4) | 1.9 (1.4 to 2.3) |
| Stage | |||||
| III | 2469 (25) | 1086 (23) | 2240 (21) | −2.3 (−3.8 to −0.9) | −4.4 (−5.5 to −3.2) |
| IV | 7296 (75) | 3649 (77) | 8476 (79) | 2.3 (0.9 to 3.8) | 4.4 (3.2 to 5.5) |
| Extracapsular extension | |||||
| No | 4563 (47) | 2056 (43) | 4393 (41) | −3.3 (−5.0 to −1.6) | −5.7 (−7.1 to −4.4) |
| Yes | 2513 (26) | 1370 (29) | 2955 (28) | 3.2 (1.6 to 4.8) | 1.8 (0.6 to 3.1) |
| Node negative | 1383 (14) | 893 (19) | 2396 (22) | 4.7 (3.4 to 6.0) | 8.2 (7.1 to 9.2) |
| Unknown | 1306 (13) | 416 (9) | 972 (9) | −4.6 (−5.6 to −3.5) | −4.3 (−5.2 to −3.4) |
| Margin status | |||||
| Negative | 6349 (65) | 3438 (73) | 7886 (74) | 7.6 (6.0 to 9.2) | 8.6 (7.3 to 9.8) |
| Positive | 1019 (10) | 423 (9) | 899 (8) | −1.5 (−2.5 to −0.5) | −2.0 (−2.8 to −1.2) |
| Unknown | 2397 (25) | 874 (18) | 1931 (18) | −6.1 (−7.5 to −4.7) | −6.5 (−7.6 to −5.4) |
| Lymphovascular invasion | |||||
| Absent | 2578 (26) | 1336 (28) | 3002 (28) | 1.8 (0.3 to 3.4) | 1.6 (0.4 to 2.8) |
| Present | 1119 (11) | 650 (14) | 1486 (14) | 2.3 (1.1 to 3.4) | 2.4 (1.5 to 2.7) |
| Unknown | 6068 (62) | 2749 (58) | 6228 (58) | −4.1 (−5.8 to −2.4) | −4.0 (−5.4 to −2.7) |
| Year of diagnosis | |||||
| 2004-2006 | 2377 (24) | 1089 (23) | 2378 (22) | −1.3 (−2.8 to 0.1) | −2.2 (−3.3 to −1.0) |
| 2007-2009 | 2505 (26) | 1254 (26) | 2870 (27) | 0.8 (−0.7 to 2.4) | 1.1 (−0.1 to 2.3) |
| 2010-2013 | 4883 (50) | 2392 (51) | 5468 (51) | 0.5 (−1.2 to 2.2) | 1.0 (−0.3 to 2.4) |
| TD-S, d | |||||
| <68 | 9221 (94) | 4368 (92) | 9661 (90) | −2.2 (−3.1 to −1.3) | −4.3 (−5.0 to −3.5) |
| ≥68 | 544 (6) | 367 (8) | 1055 (10) | 2.2 (1.3 to 3.1) | 4.3 (3.5 to 5.0) |
| Treating facilities | |||||
| Academic (surgery and radiation) | 3509 (36) | 1810 (38) | 3932 (37) | 2.3 (0.6 to 4.0) | 0.8 (−0.6 to 2.1) |
| Academic (surgery) | 877 (9) | 640 (14) | 1602 (15) | 4.5 (3.4 to 5.7) | 6.0 (5.1 to 6.9) |
| Comprehensive community (surgery and radiation) | 2730 (28) | 1159 (24) | 2594 (24) | −3.5 (−5.0 to −2.0) | −3.8 (−5.0 to −2.5) |
| Comprehensive community (surgery) | 655 (7) | 256 (5) | 581 (5) | −1.3 (−2.1 to −0.5) | −1.3 (−1.9 to −0.6) |
| Community (surgery and radiation) | 539 (6) | 244 (5) | 551 (5) | −0.4 (−1.1 to 0.4) | −0.4 (−1.0 to 0.2) |
| Community (surgery) | 198 (2) | 70 (1) | 151 (1) | −0.5 (−1.0 to −0.1) | −0.6 (−1.0 to −0.3) |
| Other (surgery and radiation) | 989 (10) | 423 (9) | 995 (9) | −1.2 (−2.2 to −0.2) | −0.8 (−1.7 to 0) |
| Other (surgery) | 268 (3) | 133 (3) | 310 (3) | 0.1 (−0.5 to 0.6) | 0.1 (−0.3 to 0.6) |
| Distance to facility, miles | |||||
| ≤10 | 4275 (44) | 1942 (41) | 4585 (43) | −2.8 (−4.5 to −1.1) | −1.0 (−2.4 to 0.4) |
| 11-20 | 2119 (22) | 1008 (21) | 2224 (21) | −0.4 (−1.8 to 1.0) | −0.9 (−2.1 to 0.2) |
| 21-50 | 1943 (20) | 1019 (22) | 2232 (21) | 1.6 (0.2 to 3.0) | 0.9 (−0.2 to 2.0) |
| 51-100 | 820 (8) | 466 (10) | 1036 (10) | 1.4 (0.4 to 2.5) | 1.3 (0.5 to 2.1) |
| >100 | 608 (6) | 300 (6) | 639 (6) | 0.1 (−0.7 to 1.0) | −0.3 (−0.9 to 0.4) |
| Hospital length of stay, d | |||||
| 0-7 | 6420 (66) | 2506 (53) | 4968 (46) | −12.8 (−14.5 to −11.1) | −19.4 (−20.7 to −18.1) |
| >7 | 1250 (13) | 1074 (23) | 3084 (29) | 9.9 (8.5 to 11.2) | 16.0 (14.9 to 17.1) |
| Unknown | 2095 (21) | 1155 (24) | 2664 (25) | 2.9 (1.5 to 4.4) | 3.4 (2.3 to 4.6) |
| 30-Day unplanned readmission status | |||||
| No | 9067 (93) | 4362 (92) | 9692 (90) | −0.7 (−1.7 to 0.2) | −2.4 (−3.2 to −1.7) |
| Yes | 262 (3) | 140 (3) | 414 (4) | 0.3 (−0.3 to 0.9) | 1.2 (0.7 to 1.7) |
| Unknown | 436 (4) | 233 (5) | 610 (6) | 0.5 (−0.3 to 1.2) | 1.2 (0.6 to 1.8) |
| Radiation dose, Gy | |||||
| 45.00-49.99 | 87 (1) | 56 (1) | 165 (2) | 0.3 (−0.1 to 0.7) | 0.6 (0.4 to 0.9) |
| 50.00-53.99 | 321 (3) | 171 (4) | 392 (4) | 0.3 (−0.3 to 1.0) | 0.4 (−0.1 to 0.9) |
| 54.00-59.99 | 687 (7) | 427 (9) | 1047 (10) | 2.0 (1.0 to 2.9) | 2.7 (2.0 to 3.5) |
| 60.00-65.99 | 3746 (38) | 2193 (46) | 4893 (46) | 8.0 (6.2 to 9.7) | 7.3 (6.0 to 8.6) |
| 66.00-69.99 | 2570 (26) | 1262 (27) | 2768 (26) | 0.3 (−1.2 to 1.9) | −0.5 (−1.7 to 0.7) |
| 70.00-76.00 | 2354 (24) | 626 (13) | 1451 (14) | −10.9 (−12.2 to −9.6) | −10.6 (−11.6 to −9.5) |
| Radiation modality | |||||
| 3-D Conformal | 242 (2) | 108 (2) | 295 (3) | −0.2 (−0.7 to 0.3) | 0.3 (−0.2 to 0.7) |
| IMRT | 5634 (58) | 2751 (58) | 6104 (57) | 0.4 (−1.3 to 2.1) | −0.7 (−2.1 to 0.6) |
| Unknown | 3889 (40) | 1876 (40) | 4317 (40) | −0.2 (−1.9 to 1.5) | 0.5 (−0.9 to 1.8) |
| Chemotherapy | |||||
| Not given | 3314 (34) | 1956 (41) | 4618 (43) | 7.4 (5.7 to 9.1) | 9.2 (7.8 to 10.5) |
| Adjuvant | 6148 (63) | 2630 (56) | 5679 (53) | −7.4 (−9.1 to −5.7) | −10.0 (−11.3 to −8.6) |
| Neoadjuvant | 102 (1) | 39 (1) | 124 (1) | −0.2 (−0.5 to 0.1) | 0.1 (−0.2 to 0.4) |
| Adjuvant and neoadjuvant | 51 (1) | 37 (1) | 79 (1) | 0.3 (0 to 0.5) | 0.2 (0 to 0.4) |
| Unknown | 150 (2) | 73 (2) | 216 (2) | 0 (−0.4 to 0.4) | 0.5 (0.1 to 0.8) |
Abbreviations: 3-D, 3-dimensional; IMRT, intensity modulated radiation therapy; TD-S, time from diagnosis to surgery.
a
Education indicates the percent of people with no high school degree in the patient’s zip code of residence.
b
Income indicates the median household income in the patient’s zip code of residence.