. 2018 Mar 14;154(5):561–568. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.0028

Table 2. Weighted Unadjusted and Adjusted Estimates of the Percentage of US Adults Who Experienced 1 or More Sunburns in the Past 12 Months Among All Adults and Among Sun-Sensitive Individuals^a.

Variable	Study Participants, No.	Unadjusted		Adjusted		Sun-Sensitive Adjusted (n = 15 876)^b
Variable	Study Participants, No.	Participants, % (95% CI)	P Value	Participants, % (95% CI)	P Value	Participants, % (95% CI)	P Value
Total	31 162	34.2 (33.3-35.1)	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Sex
Male	13 932	34.8 (33.6-36.1)	.12	36.4 (35.0-37.8)	.64	51.9 (50.0-53.8)	.29
Female	17 230	33.6 (32.5-34.8)	.12	36.8 (35.6-38.1)	.64	50.7 (49.0-52.3)	.29
Age, y
18-29	5328	47.2 (45.0-49.4)	<.001	51.2 (48.8-53.7)	<.001	71.2 (68.2-74.0)	<.001
30-39	5219	44.2 (42.4-45.9)		46.5 (44.5-48.4)		64.1 (61.3-66.8)
40-49	4852	38.5 (36.6-40.4)		40.0 (38.1-42.0)		54.7 (51.8-57.5)
50-65	8515	29.4 (27.9-30.8)		30.0 (28.4-31.6)		43.0 (40.7-45.4)
≥66	7248	12.4 (11.3-13.6)		14.8 (13.2-16.5)		22.0 (19.6-24.7)
Race/ethnicity
Hispanic	5200	24.5 (22.8-26.3)	<.001	29.7 (27.6-31.9)	<.001	43.4 (39.8-47.1)	<.001
Non-Hispanic white	19 562	42.6 (41.4-43.9)		42.5 (41.2-43.9)		53.2 (51.7-54.7)
Non-Hispanic black	4152	9.7 (8.6-10.9)		13.2 (11.6-15.1)		38.0 (31.6-44.9)
Non-Hispanic other	2072	18.2 (16.1-20.6)		24.7 (21.5-28.3)		41.5 (36.3-46.9)
Skin’s reaction after 2 weeks unprotected in the sun
Burn repeatedly or freckle	5186	49.4 (47.3-51.4)	<.001	43.5 (41.6-45.4)	<.001	54.6 (52.5-56.6)	<.001
Mild tan	9328	33.9 (32.4-35.5)		35.4 (34.1-37.6)		49.9 (47.7-52.0)
Moderate tan	9321	36.1 (34.6-37.5)		36.1 (34.7-37.6)		49.9 (47.8-52.1)
Very dark tan	3788	29.0 (26.9-31.1)		33.2 (31.0-35.5)		55.5 (51.5-59.4)
Do not go in the sun	2911	9.4 (7.9-11.1)		23.0 (19.0-27.6)		39.2 (31.1-47.9)
Marital status
Married or living with partner	15 659	36.2 (35.0-37.3)	<.001	37.7 (36.5-38.9)	.004	52.4 (50.9-54.0)	0.02
Divorced or separated	5301	27.1 (25.5-28.8)		35.6. (33.9-37.7)		50.1 (47.4-52.8)
Widowed	3017	13.2 (11.4-15.1)		35.0 (31.1-39.1)		52.1 (46.7-57.5)
Never married	7126	38.3 (36.4-40.3)		34.4 (32.5-36.3)		47.8 (45.0-50.6)
Foreign-born status
Born in the United States	25 392	38.0 (36.9-39.0)	<.001	38.2 (37.2-39.3)	<.001	52.6 (51.2-53.9)	<.001
<10 y in the United States	1112	17.5 (14.5-21.0)		22.8 (19.1-26.5)		35.4 (29.0-42.4)
≥10 y in the United States	4583	17.8 (16.4-19.2)		29.6 (27.2-32.0)		42.9 (38.9-46.9)
US region
Northeast	5142	33.0 (31.2-35.0)	<.001	35.2 (33.0-37.3)	.02	51.6 (48.6-54.7)	.01
Midwest	6583	41.1 (38.7-43.4)		38.8 (36.9-40.7)		54.1 (51.8-56.4)
South	10 654	29.9 (28.4-31.5)		35.6 (34.1-37.1)		49.3 (47.4-51.3)
West	8783	35.2 (33.4-37.0)		37.0 (35.2-38.8)		51.0 (48.6-53.4)
Regularly uses sun avoidance^c
Yes	13 436	27.3 (26.1-28.5)	<.001	34.7 (33.2-36.3)	<.001	47.3 (45.3-49.5)	<.001
No	17 726	39.2 (38.1-40.3)	<.001	37.7 (36.6-38.8)	<.001	53.9 (52.5-55.4)	<.001
Regularly wears protective clothing^d
Yes	12 329	30.1 (28.9-31.5)	<.001	36.3 (34.8-37.8)	.55	50.9 (48.8-53.0)	.61
No	16 894	39.2 (38.0-40.4)	<.001	36.8 (35.7-38.0)	.55	51.5 (49.9-53.1)	.61
Regularly uses sunscreen with SPF ≥15
Yes	9305	45.2 (43.7-46.7)	<.001	39.5 (38.0-41.0)	<.001	52.2 (50.3-54.0)	.02
No	19 990	30.9 (29.9-32.0)	<.001	35.1 (33.9-36.3)	<.001	50.7 (49.1-52.2)	.02
Indoor tanning
Yes	1037	58.8 (54.8-62.6)	<.001	39.6 (35.8-43.5)	.11	53.2 (47.8-58.6)	.46
No	30 105	33.3 (32.4-34.3)	<.001	36.5 (35.5-37.5)	.11	51.2 (49.9-52.5)	.46
Sunless tanning (self-applied)
Yes	1517	57.5 (54.0-61.0)	<.001	45.0 (41.5-48.6)	<.001	59.0 (54.5-63.3)	<.001
No	29 638	32.9 (32.0-33.9)	<.001	36.1 (35.0-37.1)	<.001	50.6 (49.3-51.9)	<.001
Aerobic activity
No aerobic activity	10 102	23.2 (21.9-24.6)	<.001	32.8 (31.1-34.5)	<.001	46.1 (43.6-48.7)	<.001
Some aerobic activity	6652	36.1 (34.4-37.8)		37.9 (36.3-39.6)		51.5 (49.3-53.7)
Meets or exceeds recommendations^e	13 892	40.4 (39.2-41.7)		37.9 (36.7-39.2)		53.6 (51.8-55.4)
Binge drank in past 30 d^f
Yes	4111	53.6 (51.4-55.8)	<.001	45.1 (43.1-47.1)	<.001	57.8 (54.9-60.7)	<.001
No	26 650	31.1 (30.1-32.1)	<.001	35.0 (33.9-36.1)	<.001	50.0 (48.6-51.5)	<.001
Overweight or obese
Yes	19 699	34.1 (33.1-35.2)	.37	37.9 (36.7-39.0)	<.001	53.1 (51.6-54.6)	<.001
No	10 675	34.9 (33.4-36.4)	.37	34.4 (33.0-35.9)	<.001	48.0 (46.0-50.0)	<.001

Abbreviations: NA, not applicable; SPF, sun protection factor.

^{^a}

Data are derived from the National Health Interview Survey, 2015. Those with a personal history of melanoma and those with missing responses to questions about sunburn or sun protection were excluded. Educational level and insurance category were also included and were significant in the overall model but not in the model among only sun-sensitive individuals. Sexual orientation, spray-on tanning at a salon, receipt of a skin examination, family history of melanoma, personal history of cancer, and smoking status were included but were not statistically significant in the adjusted models.

^{^b}

Sun-sensitive individuals are those whose skin burns when not protected from the sun for 1 hour. These are adjusted analyses.

^{^c}

Sun avoidance was defined as usually or always staying in the shade or not going in the sun.

^{^d}

Protective clothing was defined as usually or always wearing one or more of the following: wide-brimmed hat, long sleeved shirt, or long clothing to the ankles.

^{^e}

Met or exceeded 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity (or an equivalent mix of both) each week as recommended in the 2008 Physical Guidelines for Americans (https://health.gov/paguidelines/).

^{^f}

Binge drinking is defined as 4 or more alcoholic drinks for women or 5 or more drinks for men.

Table 2. Weighted Unadjusted and Adjusted Estimates of the Percentage of US Adults Who Experienced 1 or More Sunburns in the Past 12 Months Among All Adults and Among Sun-Sensitive Individualsa.

Table 2. Weighted Unadjusted and Adjusted Estimates of the Percentage of US Adults Who Experienced 1 or More Sunburns in the Past 12 Months Among All Adults and Among Sun-Sensitive Individuals^a.