Table 3.
Univariate analysis of depression.
| Variable (n) | Depressed | Not Depressed | Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | Missing Data (n) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (% of variable) | |||||
| Demographics | |||||
| Male (136) | 23 (16.9) | 113 (83.1) | 0.9 | 0.5–1.5 | |
| Age | |||||
| 60–69 (245) | 44 (18.8) | 113 (81.2) | 1.2 | 0.6–2.2 | |
| 70+ (91) | 15 (16.5) | 76 (83.5) | |||
| Regional (196) | 44 (22.4) | 152 (77.6) | 2.1 * | 1.1–3.8 | |
| Pension (266) | 48 (18) | 218 (82) | 1 | 0.5–2.2 | 13 |
| Marital Status | 8 | ||||
| Married (124) | 26 (21) | 98 (79) | 1.3 | 0.8–2.4 | |
| Widowed, divorced or separated (165) | 28 (17) | 137 (83) | 0.9 | 0.5–1.5 | |
| Never married (39) | 5 (12.8) | 34 (87.2) | 0.6 | 0.2–1.7 | |
| Accommodation | 27 | ||||
| Private rental (36) | 10 (27.8) | 26 (72.2) | 1.9 | 0.9–4.1 | |
| Residential facility (17) | 2 (11.8) | 15 (88.2) | 0.6 | 0.1–1.6 | |
| Public Accommodation (175) | 31 (17.7) | 144 (82.3) | 0.9 | 0.5–1.6 | |
| Own Home (81) | 16 (19.8) | 65 (80.2) | 1.1 | 0.6–2.2 | |
| Childhood Experiences at Home | |||||
| Raised by parents | |||||
| Both parents (166) | 32 (19.3) | 134 (80.7) | 1.2 | 0.7–2 | |
| By mother or father (114) | 21 (18.4) | 93 (81.6) | 1 | 0.6–1.9 | |
| By neither (56) | 8 (14.3) | 48 (85.7) | 0.7 | 0.3–1.6 | |
| Death of parent(s) in childhood (74) | 6 (8.1) | 68 (91.9) | 0.3 * | 0.1–0.8 | 2 |
| Taken away from family (33) | 8 (24.2) | 25 (75.8) | 0.6 | 0.7–3.7 | 9 |
| CTQ | 37 | ||||
| Lower tertile (109) | 11 (10.1) | 98 (89.9) | 0.4 * | 0.2–0.8 | |
| Mid tertile (115) | 22 (19.1) | 93 (80.9) | 1.1 | 0.6–2 | |
| Upper tertile (111) | 28 (25.2) | 83 (74.8) | 2 * | 1.1–3.4 | |
| Social Formative Experiences | |||||
| Behavioural disturbances at school (154) | 33 (21.4) | 121 (78.6) | 1.6 | 0.9–2.1 | 11 |
| Highest Education at school | 4 | ||||
| Year 6 or less (73) | 14 (19.2) | 59 (80.8) | 1.1 | 0.6–2.1 | |
| Year 7–9 (190) | 34 (17.9) | 156 (82.1) | 1.1 | 0.6–2.1 | |
| Year 10–12 (69) | 13 (18.8) | 56 (81.2) | 1 | 0.5–2 | |
| Further Education (161) | 31 (19.3) | 130 (80.7) | 1.1 | 0.7–2 | 1 |
| Previous Employment (302) | 57 (18.9) | 245 (81.1) | 1.3 | 0.3–5.9 | 21 |
| Previous Custody (109) | 19 (17.4) | 90 (82.6) | 1 | 0.5–1.8 | 13 |
| Chronic Illness | |||||
| Head injury (95) | 19 (20) | 76 (80) | 1.2 | 0.7–2.3 | 10 |
| Stroke (78) | 19 (24.4) | 59 (75.6) | 1.7 | 0.9–3.1 | 10 |
| Hypertension (205) | 34 (16.6) | 171 (83.4) | 0.8 | 0.4–1.4 | 12 |
| Hypercholesterolaemia (141) | 29 (20.6) | 112 (79.4) | 1.4 | 0.8–2.4 | 33 |
| Cardiac Disease (140) | 32 (22.9) | 108 (77.1) | 1.7 * | 1–3.1 | 10 |
| Diabetes (140) | 24 (17.1) | 116 (82.9) | 0.9 | 0.5–1.6 | 19 |
| Sleep Difficulties | 23 | ||||
| Never (138) | 13 (9.4) | 125 (90.6) | 0.3 * | 0.2–0.6 | |
| Infrequent (88) | 16 (18.2) | 72 (81.8) | 1 | 0.5–1.9 | |
| Frequent (87) | 29 (33.3) | 58 (66.7) | 3.4 * | 1.9–6.1 | |
| Cancer (38) | 8 (21.1) | 30 (78.9) | 1.2 | 0.5–2.8 | 19 |
| Lung Disease (101) | 28 (27.7) | 73 (72.3) | 2.4 * | 1.3–4.3 | 26 |
| Anxiety, Stress, and PTSD (101) | 34 (33.7) | 67 (66.3) | 4.3 * | 2.4–7.9 | 13 |
| Depression (112) | 32 (28.6) | 80 (71.4) | 2.8 * | 1.6–5.1 | 13 |
| Suicidal behaviour (64) | 28 (43.8) | 36 (56.3) | 5.7 * | 3.1–10.6 | 14 |
| Smoking (228) | 47 (20.6) | 181 (79.4) | 2.1 * | 1–4.3 | 18 |
| Past High-Risk Alcohol Use (187) | 31 (16.6) | 156 (83.4) | 0.8 | 0.5–1.4 | 14 |
| Marijuana use (42) | 11 (26.2) | 31 (73.8) | 1.7 | 0.8–3.6 | 17 |
| Current Psychosocial Factors | |||||
| Frequent Loneliness (162) | 40 (24.7) | 122 (75.3) | 3 * | 1.6–5.6 | 23 |
| Community Support (304) | 55 (18.1) | 249 (81.9) | 0.7 | 0.2–2.5 | 20 |
| Connected to local Aboriginal community (299) | 54 (18.1) | 245 (81.9) | 0.8 | 0.3–2.1 | 9 |
| Strong connection to Country (235) | 39 (16.6) | 196 (83.4) | 0.6 | 0.3–1.1 | 29 |
| Traditional language (120) | 21 (17.5) | 99 (82.5) | 1.0 | 0.5–1.7 | 13 |
| CDRISC (Resilience) | 30 | ||||
| Lower tertile (115) | 34 (29.6) | 81 (70.4) | 3 * | 1.2–5.3 | |
| Mid tertile (105) | 13 (12.4) | 92 (87.6) | 0.5 | 0.3–1 | |
| Upper tertile (116) | 14 (12.1) | 102 (87.9) | 0.5 | 0.3–1 | |
| Previous Experience of Racism (142) | 33 (23.9) | 108 (76.1) | 2.1 * | 1.2–3.8 | 32 |
| Dissatisfied with Life (209) | 28 (27.7) | 73 (72.3) | 2.3 * | 1.3–4.1 | |
| Current Comorbidity | |||||
| Smoking (87) | 17 (19.5) | 70 (80.5) | 1.1 | 0.6–2.1 | 11 |
| High-Risk Alcohol use (31) | 8 (25.8) | 23 (74.2) | 1.7 | 0.7–3.9 | |
| Cognitive Impairment (104) | 19 (18.3) | 85 (81.7) | 1 | 0.6–1.8 | |
| Suicidal ideation (35) | 22 (65.8) | 13 (34.2) | 14 * | 6.6–29.8 | |
Results of the univariate analysis. CTQ (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder), CDRISC (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale). Statistically signfiicant findings are marked with an asterisk (*).