Table 1.
Frequency distributions for the final study sample (n = 7970). Data: China Health and Nutrition Survey, 2011.
| Variables | Measurements | Observations (n, %) (n = 7970) |
|---|---|---|
| Psychological well beings: | ||
| “I had as much pep as I had in 2010” | Neutral | 2086 (26.2) |
| Disagree | 2400 (30.1) | |
| Agree | 3484 (43.7) | |
| “I am as happy now as when I was younger” | Neutral | 2460 (30.9) |
| Disagree | 2053 (25.8) | |
| Agree | 3457 (43.4) | |
| “As I get older, things are better than I thought they would be” | Neutral | 2491 (31.3) |
| Disagree | 1210 (15.2) | |
| Agree | 4269 (53.6) | |
| Primary predictors: | ||
| Fast food | Neutral | 669 (8.4) |
| Dislike | 6276 (78.7) | |
| Like | 234 (2.9) | |
| Do not eat | 791 (9.9) | |
| Salty snacks | Neutral | 995 (12.5) |
| Dislike | 6202 (77.8) | |
| Like | 386 (4.8) | |
| Do not eat | 387 (4.9) | |
| Fruits | Neutral | 1400 (17.6) |
| Dislike | 509 (6.4) | |
| Like | 6037 (75.7) | |
| Do not eat | 24 (0.3) | |
| Vegetables | Neutral | 754 (9.5) |
| Dislike | 141 (1.8) | |
| Like | 7060 (88.6) | |
| Do not eat | 15 (0.2) | |
| Sweetened beverages/soft drinks | Neutral | 1993 (25.0) |
| Dislike | 4868 (61.1) | |
| Like | 1012 (12.7) | |
| Do not eat | 97 (1.2) | |
| Covariates: | ||
| Age, in years (mean ± SD) | 60.1 ± 10.0 | |
| Gender | Male | 803 (47.7) |
| Female | 4167 (52.3) | |
| Disease status | No | 6290 (78.9) |
| Yes | 1680 (21.1) | |
| Employment status | No | 4237 (53.2) |
| Yes | 3733 (46.8) | |
| Marital Status | No | 1121 (14.1) |
| Yes | 6849 (85.9) | |
| Educational attainment | Lower education | 3673 (46.1) |
| Middle School/High school | 3330 (41.8) | |
| Technical school | 442 (5.5) | |
| University/college or above | 525 (6.6) | |
| Gross household income quintiles | 1 (Lowest) | 928 (11.6) |
| 2 | 4183 (52.5) | |
| 3 | 2098 (26.3) | |
| 4 | 617 (7.7) | |
| 5 (Highest) | 144 (1.8) | |
| Community | Rural | 4574 (57.4) |
| Urban | 3396 (42.6) | |
| Province | North East | 1284 (16.1) |
| East Coastal | 1470 (18.4) | |
| Central | 1249 (15.7) | |
| South | 2051 (25.7) | |
| Municipals | 1916 (24.0) |