Table 3.
Multinomial logistic regression model estimates of relationships between food preferences and psychological well-being, adjusted for covariates. Data: China Health and Nutrition Survey, 2011.
| Multinomial Logistic Regression | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Psychological Well-Being | “I Had as Much as Pep as I Had in 2010” | “I Am as Happy Now as When I Was Younger” | “As I Get Older, Things Are Better Than I Thought They Would Be” |
| Fast food | |||
| Agree (β, SE), Disagree (β, SE) | Agree (β, SE), Disagree (β, SE) | Agree (β, SE), Disagree (β, SE) | |
| Neutral | - | - | - |
| Dislike | (0.22, 0.12), (0.35, 0.14 *) | (0.35, 0.12 **), (0.26, 0.14) | (0.31, 0.11 *), (0.09, 0.16) |
| Like | (0.75, 0.22 **), (0.69, 0.25 *) | (0.45, 0.20), (0.54, 0.23 *) | (0.64, 0.20 **), (0.45, 0.27) |
| Do not eat | (0.24, 0.17), (0.66, 0.18 **) | (0.15, 0.16), (0.63, 0.17 **) | (0.44, 0.15 *), (0.10, 0.20) |
| Salty snacks | |||
| Agree (β, SE), Disagree (β, SE) | Agree (β, SE), Disagree (β, SE) | Agree (β, SE), Disagree (β, SE) | |
| Neutral | - | - | - |
| Dislike | (0.09, 0.10), (0.10, 0.12) | (<0.01, 0.10), (0.13, 0.11) | (0.06, 0.10), (0.18, 0.14) |
| Like | (0.50, 0.18 *), (0.37, 0.19) | (0.44, 0.17 *), (0.45, 0.18 *) | (0.35, 0.15), (0.23, 0.22) |
| Do not eat | (0.14, 0.21), (0.18, 0.20) | (0.27, 0.20), (−0.02, 0.19) | (0.17, 0.18), (0.33, 0.23) |
| Fruits | |||
| Agree (β, SE), Disagree (β, SE) | Agree (β, SE), Disagree (β, SE) | Agree (β, SE), Disagree (β, SE) | |
| Neutral | - | - | - |
| Dislike | (0.31, 0.14), (0.63, 0.15 *) | (0.61, 0.14 **), (0.65, 0.15 **) | (0.44, 0.13 **), (0.43, 0.17 *) |
| Like | (0.39, 0.08 **), (0.24, 0.09) | (0.45, 0.08 **), (0.22, 0.09 *) | (0.36, 0.08 **), (0.05, 0.10) |
| Do not eat | (1.99, 1.14), (2.17, 1.14) | (1.63, 0.75), (0.38, 0.84) | (0.14, 0.72), (0.87, 0.75) |
| Vegetables | |||
| Agree (β, SE), Disagree (β, SE) | Agree (β, SE), Disagree (β, SE) | Agree (β, SE), Disagree (β, SE) | |
| Neutral | - | - | - |
| Dislike | (0.50, 0.25), (−0.10, 0.26) | (0.34, 0.24), (−0.23, 0.26) | (0.39, 0.22), (−0.23, 0.30) |
| Like | (0.53, 0.11 **), (0.09, 0.11) | (0.53, 0.11 **), (0.09, 0.11) | (0.59, 0.10 **), (0.15, 0.12) |
| Do not eat | (−1.60, 1.26), (−2.02, 1.24) | (−0.52, 0.95), (0.09, 0.97) | (0.19, 0.87), (−0.47, 0.97) |
| Sweetened beverages | |||
| Agree (β, SE), Disagree (β, SE) | Agree (β, SE), Disagree (β, SE) | Agree (β, SE), Disagree (β, SE) | |
| Neutral | - | - | - |
| Dislike | (0.40, 0.07 **), (0.36, 0.08 **) | (0.45, 0.07 **), (0.24, 0.07 **) | (0.29, 0.06 **), (0.15, 0.09) |
| Like | (0.53, 0.10 **), (0.70, 0.11 **) | (0.54, 0.10 **), (0.38, 0.11 **) | (0.33, 0.09 **), (0.31, 0.12 *) |
| Do not eat | (0.19, 0.30), (−0.25, 0.30) | (−0.07, 0.29), (−0.41, 0.29) | (0.11, 0.27), (−0.13, 0.35) |
* p-value < 0.05; ** p-value < 0.01 (adjusted for Benjamini-Hochberg’s false detection rate); Model 1: “I had as much pep as I had in 2010” = Age + Gender + Disease status + Employment status + Marital status + Educational attainment + Gross household income quintiles + Community + Province + Fast food + Salty snacks + Fruits + Vegetables + Sweetened beverages/Soft drinks; Model 2: “I am as happy now as when I was younger” = Age + Gender + Disease status + Employment status + Marital status + Educational attainment + Gross household income quintiles + Community + Province + Fast food + Salty snacks + Fruits + Vegetables + Sweetened beverages/Soft drinks; Model 3: “As I get older, things are better than I thought they would be” = Age + Gender + Disease status + Employment status + Marital status + Educational attainment + Gross household income quintiles + Community + Province + Fast food + Salty snacks + Fruits + Vegetables + Sweetened beverages/Soft drinks.