| IBD | inflammatory bowel disease |
| CD | Crohn’s disease |
| UC | ulcerative colitis |
| aHR | adjusted hazard ratio |
| CI | confidence interval |
| LHID2000 | Longitudinal Health Insurance Research Database 2000 |
| GSD | gallbladder stone disease |
| CBD | common bile duct |
| IHSs | intrahepatic stones |
| NHI | National Health Insurance |
| ICD-9-CM | International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification |
| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| CAD | coronary artery disease |
| HRs | hazard ratios |
| SDs | standard deviations |
| NHIRD | National Health Insurance Research Database |
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