. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2018 Mar;25(2):202–213. doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2017.10.012

Table 1.

Association of intrarenal gene expression levels with kidney function for published DKD protein biomarker candidates.

Gene Symbol/Alias	Glomerulus				Tubulointerstitium				Reference

	Dataset 1		Dataset 2		Dataset 1		Dataset 2

	Corr. eGFR	DKD vs control	Corr. eGFR	DKD vs control	Corr. eGFR	DKD vs control	Corr. eGFR	DKD vs control
ADIPOQ	−0.08	0.89^*	0.60	0.97	0.23	0.97	0.01	0.87^*	^38–41
AGT/SERPINA8	0.41	0.57^*	0.01	1.39	0.52^*	0.75	0.56	0.78	^42–44
AMBP/A1M	0.34	0.86	0.58	1.15	0.18	0.93	−0.67^*	0.98	^42,45,46
CCL2	0.01	3.11^*	−0.40	1.65	−0.39	1.56^*	−0.09	3.47^*	^41,47–53
COL4A1	−0.36	1.74^*	−0.53	1.07	−0.64^*	1.95^*	−0.21	4.41^*	^42,54,55
CST3/Cystatin C	0.09	1.30^*	−0.47	1.72	−0.78^*	1.05	−0.07	1.32	^42,56–59
CTGF/CCN2	0.15	0.89	0.28	0.21^*	−0.39	0.46^*	0.44	1.95	^51,60–62
CXCL10/IP10	0.46	2.01	−0.01	0.97	−0.51^*	1.13	−0.34	2.13	⁵³
CXCL8/IL8	−0.38	1.37	0.1	1.50	−0.45	1.17	−0.34	4.03^*	^47,53
EGF	0.81^*	0.33^*	0.10	0.42^*	0.73^*	0.37^*	0.83^*	0.19^*	^6,7
FABP1/L-FABP	0.52	0.24^*	0.37	1.02	0.51^*	0.55^*	0.45	0.51	^42,63,64
FGF23	−0.43	0.88^*	−0.29	1.04	−0.19	0.92^*	−0.46	0.92	^65,66
GH1	−0.25	0.91^*	0.18	1.09	−0.17	0.93^*	−0.35	0.9	^67–69
GRN	−0.01	1.16^*	−0.42	1.08	−0.38	1.16^*	−0.24	1.53^*	⁷⁰
HAVCR1/KIM1	NA	NA	0.05	1.25^*	NA	NA	0.08	1.22	^65,71–77
HIF1A	−0.43	1.09	0.11	1.26	−0.44	1.25^*	−0.03	1.55^*	⁷⁸
HP	−0.19	1.01	0.29	1.17	−0.67^*	1.07	−0.20	1.08	^79,80
IFNG	0.02	1.01	NA	NA	−0.25	1.00	NA	NA	^81,82
IGF1	−0.15	0.29^*	−0.11	0.69	−0.62^*	0.82^*	0.30	0.98	^78,83
IL10	−0.28	1.00	0.18	1.10	−0.10	0.94	0.05	0.98	^47,81
IL6	−0.04	1.05	0.46	0.98	−0.36	0.90	−0.41	1.01	^47,81
KL	0.36	0.42^*	−0.02	0.89	0.33	0.59^*	0.72^*	0.42	^84–88
LCN2/NGAL	−0.37	1.35	0.05	1.54^*	−0.46	1.83^*	−0.47	2.57^*	^{42,58,65,72–74,76,78,89–91}
MMP2	−0.62^*	2.3^*	−0.07	1.39^*	−0.57^*	1.34^*	−0.57	1.42	⁶⁹
MMP7	−0.48	2.43^*	−0.52	4.09^*	−0.55^*	4.27^*	−0.44	13.32^*	^69,92
NAGLU/NAG	0.71^*	0.98	0.73^*	1.13	0.58^*	0.78^*	0.41	0.71	^{42,74,76,93,94}
NPHS1	0.54	0.43^*	0.32	0.12^*	0.32	0.46^*	0.27	0.66^*	^42,95,96
NPPB	−0.13	0.88^*	0.35	1.04	−0.38	0.99	−0.38	0.78^*	^56,97
RBP4	0.14	0.39^*	0.79^*	0.62	0.28	0.68	−0.23	0.26^*	^{49,94,98–100}
TF	0.12	0.91	0.48	1.20^*	0.00	1.00	0.34	0.93	¹⁰¹
TNF	−0.21	1.42^*	0.65	1.15	−0.15	1.12	−0.62	0.90	^75,81,102
TNFRSF1A/TNFR1	−0.18	1.07	−0.35	1.39^*	−0.70^*	0.94	−0.23	1.31^*	^{72,75,103,104}
TNFRSF1B/TNFR2	0.07	2.42^*	−0.18	1.52^*	−0.52^*	1.29^*	−0.64^*	1.57^*	^75,103–105
UMOD	0.38	0.26^*	−0.08	0.31^*	0.63^*	0.70	0.48	0.33^*	^106,107
VCAM1	−0.31	1.67^*	−0.48	1.37^*	−0.59^*	2.00^*	0.12	2.64^*	^47,108
VEGFA/VEGF	0.43	0.64^*	0.35	0.38^*	0.70^*	0.64^*	0.67^*	0.60	^66,78,88
VWF	−0.21	1.27	−0.73^*	1.94^*	−0.31	1.41^*	−0.64^*	2.58^*	^78,82

Gene expression data for both glomeruli and tubulointerstitium were abstracted from two independent published transcriptomic human DKD datasets (see identification below) for candidate biomarkers. Association of gene expression with eGFR was determined as was the relative biomarker expression in DKD vs. normal controls. Shaded areas depict biomarkers in which either (or both) eGFR correlation or gene expression differences were statistically significant in both datasets.

Corr. eGFR: correlation of gene expression with baseline eGFR. NA: data not available.

p<0.05. Datasets from Nephroseq: Dataset 1^6,16; Dataset 2¹⁷