Table 1. Issues that Present Barriers to the Development of Effective Treatment for Women with Substance Use Disorders.

Policy Issues	Sociocultural Issues	Programmatic/Structural Issues	Personal/Interpersonal Issues
Legislation: Criminalization and imprisonment	Women who use drugs encounter stigma and discrimination from their culture, society, family and social networks	Lack of women-specific substance use disorder treatment services	Fear of disclosure of substance use
No guarantee of confidentiality and anonymity	Denial that women can be mothers, wives, and use substances	Absence of quality assurance of treatment system in Georgia	Fear of stigma, discrimination, abandonment, violence
Insufficient government funding of comprehensive women-specific services	Social norms and expectations	Cost of treatment	Guilt and shame
	Intolerance	Hostile and judgmental service delivery environment	Lack of knowledge regarding and prejudice towards substance use disorder treatment Lack of funds to pay for treatment