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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Orthop Res. 2017 Nov 22;36(2):699–710. doi: 10.1002/jor.23779

Figure 3. Histological comparison of fracture callus and osteophyte composition.

Figure 3

Representative H&E stained images for fracture calluses (ground control days 7 and 14, hindlimb unloaded day 7) and osteophytes (days 14 and 21, hindlimb unloaded day 14). Both fracture calluses and osteophytes exhibited similar milestone stages of fracture healing, but at different time points. Fracture calluses exhibited robust chondrogenesis and intramembranous bone formation at day 7, similar to osteophyte composition at day 14. Similarly, fracture calluses underwent endochondral ossification by day 14, while osteophyte endochondral ossification did not occur until day 21. ACL ruptured GC mice exhibited fibrocartilaginous thickening of the synovium and chondrocyte hypertrophy in the meniscus by 14 days post-injury. HLU limbs exhibited decreased inflammation, including reduced periosteal and synovial thickening for fractured and ACL ruptured limbs, respectively, as well as reduced cell infiltration via the periosteum and synovium.