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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Orthop Res. 2017 Nov 22;36(2):699–710. doi: 10.1002/jor.23779

Figure 6. Gene expression after injury.

Figure 6

Gene expression of inflammation, bone formation, bone resorption, and vascularization markers after injury and hindlimb unloading. All data from injured limbs are normalized by data from uninjured limbs to yield fold differences. The scale bar on the right indicates colors encoding fold changes relative to uninjured limbs: mean values lower than uninjured values are indicated in red, mean values greater than uninjured values are indicated in green. Black borders indicate significant differences from uninjured limbs (p < 0.05). Femur fracture resulted in upregulation of IL-6, BMP-2, OC, Runx-2, OPG, MMP-13, and VEGF by 7 days post-injury, while ACL rupture resulted in upregulation of OC and VEGF. HLU altered expression of several genes, notably IL-6, which was increased in HLU mice 3 days following femur fracture (p = 0.005), but decreased in HLU mice following ACL rupture (though not statistically significant). Listed p-values indicate a significant main effect of ambulation type (ground control (GC) or hindlimb unloading (HLU)) or a significant interaction between ambulation type and time point.