Table 7.

Falsification tests with Low Income Subsidy (LIS) beneficiaries: marginal effect for a $100 increase in copayment in initial coverage in Part D

	Any Part D specialty cancer drug	Part D specialty anti-neoplastics
All study LIS population (N=91,635)
Specialty drug use
Ordinary least squares (OLS)	−0.051(0.025)**	−0.034(0.016)*
IV estimate:2-state least square (2SLS)	−0.032(0.056)	−0.028(0.029)
Spending among users	N=3,127	N=2,167
OLS	139.222(292.47)	378.14(284.68)
2SLS	−264.57(465.25)	40.96(431.98)
LIS patients with leukemia (N= 2,575)
Specialty drug use
OLS	−0.140(0.201)	0.174(0.202)
2SLS	−0.516(0.411)	−0.360(0.433)
Spending among users	N=387	N=359
OLS	704.78(619.41)	575.09(570.32)
2SLS	594.17(878.41)	594.17(878.41)

OLS: Ordinary Least Squares; Standard errors (clustered within a plan) are in parentheses;

^*p < 0.10,

^**p < 0.05,

^***p < 0.01