Design and development of customized polymeric inks based on
patient-specific prostate tissue data, and resulting ink fidelity with physical
properties of the tissue. a) Schematic of the composite structure of the
customized polymeric inks. b) Preparation procedure for the customized polymeric
inks. c) A plot of prime component weight ratios vs. Young’s moduli for
the polymeric inks. d) Log-log plots of apparent viscosity versus shear rate for
a customized polymeric ink (including its constituent components) used for
printing the prostate model. e) Static compression fidelity via stress-strain
curves between different patient prostate tissue samples (Tissues 1–3)
and printed samples of customized polymeric inks (Ink 1, 2, 3). f) Dynamic
compression fidelity of storage modulus between a patient prostate tissue sample
(Tissue 2) and a sample of customized polymeric ink (Ink 2) at frequencies of
0.1–20 Hz and strains of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20. g) Dynamic compression
fidelity of loss modulus between a patient prostate tissue (Tissue 2) and a
sample of customized polymeric ink (Ink 2) at frequencies of 0.1–20 Hz
and strains of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20. h) Hardness fidelity via load-depth curves
between a patient prostate tissue sample (Tissue 2) and a sample of customized
polymeric ink (Ink 2). i) Optical fidelity via reflection curves between patient
prostate gross tissue and a customized polymeric ink (Ink 2).