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. 2018 Feb 26;19(3):658. doi: 10.3390/ijms19030658

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Concentration-effects of TJ-90 on the CBF increase and CBA increase. The CBF ratio (=CBF_t/CBF₀) and the CBA ratio (=CBF_t/CBF₀) were calculated to normalize changes in CBA and CBF. TJ-90 at concentrations higher than 40 μg/mL induced two types of CBF increase (a transient CBF increase and a sustained CBF increase), although it only sustained the CBA increase. (A,B) TJ-90 (400 μg/mL) induced a transient CBF increase (an initial increase followed by a decrease) (A) and a sustained CBF increase (B) and it sustained the CBA increase; (C,D) TJ-90 (40 μg/mL) still induced two types of CBF increase and also sustained the CBA increase. Changes in CBA in panel B or D were re-plotted from panel A or C, respectively; (E) TJ-90 (4 μg/mL) sustained the CBF increase and the CBA increase. * shows control values (A–E) (F) Concentration response study of TJ-90. The CBF ratio 5 min from the start of TJ-90 stimulation and CBA ratio 15 min from the start of TJ-90 stimulation were plotted. The CBF ratio and the CBA ratio were obtained from 4 to 13 cells at each TJ-90 concentration. * significantly different from the values of CBA ratio and CBF ratio before TJ-90 stimulation (p < 0.05).