Table 1.

Summary of studies evaluating the effect of magnesium on cardiovascular-related outcomes in the general population.

Reference	Study Type	Clinical Setting	No. of Subjects	Outcome	Conclusion
Fang et al. [40]	Meta-analysis of prospective studies	General population	>1,000,000	CVD (coronary heart disease, ischemic heart disease, stroke) and all-cause mortality	Increasing dietary Mg is associated with a reduced risk of stroke and heart failure, but not with total CVD, and all-cause mortality.
Huang et al. [41]	Observational	Elderly	1400	All-cause and cause-specific mortality	Low plasma Mg levels increase all-cause mortality.
Qu et al. [42]	Meta-analysis of prospective studies	General population	532,979	CVD	Inverse association between dietary Mg intake and CVD risk.
Del Globbo et al. [43]	Meta-analysis of prospective studies	General population	313,041	Incidence of CVD, including IHD	Plasma and dietary Mg are inversely associated with CVD risk.
Guasch-Ferré et al. [44]	Prospective	Individuals at high risk of CVD	7216	CVD and all-cause mortality	Mg intake is associated with a lower mortality risk in this population, but not with CV events.
Chiuve et al. [45]	Prospective	Women free of disease	86,323	CHD	Dietary Mg intake was inversely associated with fatal CHD.

CVD: cardiovascular disease; Mg: magnesium; IHD: ischemic heart disease; CV: cardiovascular; CHD: coronary heart disease.