Figure 10.
Model depicting the proposed role of nAChR signaling in intestinal stem cell function. Non-neuronal ACh activates the nicotinic receptor α2/β4 localized in the Paneth cells to modulate the expression levels of Wnt5a and/or Wnt9b. The Wnts then mediate Wnt pathway activity through various frizzled receptors. Eventually, proliferation and differentiation of stem cells are enhanced.