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. 2018 Mar 7;19(3):756. doi: 10.3390/ijms19030756

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) regulation of polyamine synthesis in colorectal cancer (CRC). (a) Normal cell. Tumor suppressor wide-type APC suppresses transcription of protooncogene MYC and also acts to regulate the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) antizyme (OAZ) which degrades ODC. (b) Cancer cell. Mutated or deleted APC induces a decrease in OAZ and reduction of MYC suppression, which results in the increase of the expression of ODC gene. Consequently, the polyamine synthesis is activated in cancer cells. Dashed arrows indicate less effect compared to the solid arrows.