AGE	Advanced glycated end-products
Akt	Protein kinase B
AMP	Adenosine monophosphate
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
CAMKKβ	Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase beta
cAMP	Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
cGMP	Cyclic guanosine monophosphate
CHD	Coronary heart disease
COX	Cyclooxygenase
CREB	cAMP response element-binding protein
CVD	Cardiovascular disease
CYP	Cytochrome P450
ELISA	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
eNOS	Endothelial nitric oxide synthase
ERK	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
GLUT4	Glucose transporter 4
GSH	Glutathione
GSK-3β	Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta
GSSH	Glutathione disulfide
GST	Glutathione S-transferase
HbA1c	Hemoglobin A1c
HDL	High density lipoprotein
HO-1	Heme oxygenase-1
HPLC	High performance liquid chromatography
IL	Interleukin
I/R	Ischemia-Reperfusion
LDH	Lactate dehydrogenase
l-DOPA	l-dihydroxyphenylalanine
LDL	Low density lipoprotein
LKB	Liver kinase B
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MCAO	Middle cerebral artery occlusion
MITF	Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor
MMP	Matrix metallopeptidase
mPTP	Membrane permeability transition pore
mRNA	Messenger ribonucleic acid
MSH	Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
mTOR	Mammalian target of rapamycin
NAD	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NE	Norepinephrine
NFκB	Nuclear factor kappa B
NO	Nitric oxide
NOS	Nitric oxide synthase
O2−	Superoxide anion
•OH	Hydroxyl radical
PAI	Plasminogen activator inhibitor
PGC-1α	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1-alpha
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SD	Sprague-Dawley
SHR	Spontaneously hypertensive rat
SIRT1	Sirtuin 1
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor-beta
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
TRYP	Tyrosinase-related protein
UCP	Uncoupling protein
UDP	Uridine diphosphate
WHO	World Health Organization
WKY	Wistar-Kyoto