4-OH-Ile	4-hydroxyisoleucine
ACC	acetyl-CoA carboxylase
Ach	acetylcholine
ACL	lipid soluble antioxidant capacity
Act	protein kinase B (PKB)
AMPK	adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
AWS	water soluble antioxidant capacity
bw	body weight
cGMP	cyclic guanosine monophosphate
CHOP	CCAAT-enhancer-binding homologous protein
CVD	cardiovascular diseases
ED	endothelial dysfunction
eNOS	endothelial nitric oxide synthase
FFA	free fatty acid
GLUT4	glucose transporter 4
GSH	reduced glutathione (glutathione)
GSSG	oxidized glutathione (glutathione disulfide)
HDL	high-density lipoprotein
HFHSD	high-fat, high-sugar diet
ICAM	intracellular adhesion molecule
IKK-β	inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta
iNOS	inducible nitric oxide synthase
IRS1	insulin receptor substrate 1
IκB	inhibitor of kappa B
LDL	low-density lipoprotein
LXRa	liver X receptor-a
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MetS	metabolic syndrome
mRNA	messenger ribonucleic acid
NAFLD	non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
NE	norepinephrine
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
nNOS	neuronal nitric oxide synthase
NO	nitric oxide
NOS	nitric oxide synthase
PGI2	prostacyclin
PI3K	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase
PPRγ	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
RAAS	renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
RNS	reactive nitrogen species
ROS	reactive oxygen species
SEM	standard error of the mean
SREBPs	sterol regulatory element-binding proteins
T2DM	type 2 diabetes mellitus
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor alpha
VCAM	vascular cell adhesion molecule