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. 2018 Mar 16;19(3):888. doi: 10.3390/ijms19030888

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Effects of hOCIF on tumor growth in the tumor microenvironments (1). (A) To examine the effects of hOCIF on our mouse mammary tumor-bone invasion model, we implanted mouse mammary tumor cell lines into two different sites, the cranial bone and a subcutaneous lesion, and then injected mice with hOCIF six times over the course of the experimental period; (B) We compared the growth of the transplanted tumor on the cranial bone (upper) and subcutaneous lesion (lower) in treated and untreated mice; (C) The tumor bone interface (TB-interface, magnification ×1, left) and tumor subcutaneous interface (TS-interface, magnification ×1, right) in the cranial tumor and in the subcutaneous tumor, respectively (black square); (D) Histological analysis of the TB-interface revealed strong osteolysis associated with the induction of numerous osteoclasts in the TB-microE (left, ×400). Tumor cells were growing with micro vessel invasion at the TS-microE (right, ×400). ** p < 0.01 vs. Con at TB-Interface.