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Relationships between autophagy and apoptosis in cancer cells. Autophagy can protect against apoptotic death, but, when too extensive, can lead to self-destruction of a cancer cell. On the other hand, inhibition of autophagy can result in apoptosis activation and cell death, but, when a cancer cell is intrinsically resistant to apoptosis, accumulation of toxic waste not cleared by autophagy can increase genomic instability and result in a more aggressive cancer.
