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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 30.
Published in final edited form as: Biomaterials. 2014 Nov 20;39:164–172. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.10.078

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Fabrication scheme and actuation of reconfigurable dynamic topography. a) The fabrication flow is shown: (i) PDMS substrates are strained to a prescribed amount and (ii) SiO2 membranes are deposited on the surface using thermal evaporation. (iii) The pre-strain is released to create wavy grating arrays via spontaneous buckling. b) Programmable topography consists of three discrete strain-dependent states that depend on the difference between the pre-strain and applied strain Δε: Δε < 0% produces perpendicular wavy gratings (W⊥); Δε = 0% produces flat substrates (F); Δε > 0% produces parallel wavy gratings (W||). These states are shown sequentially from top to bottom as the value of Δε becomes more positive.