MHZ3 genetically acts at OsEIN2 in ethylene signaling pathway. (A) Ethylene hypersensitivity caused by Osetr2 and Osers2 loss-of-function mutations is fully suppressed by mhz3. (Left) Etiolated seedlings were grown in the air or 1 ppm ethylene (ET) for 2 d. (Right) Root lengths were means ± SD, n = 30 (**P < 0.01; Student’s t test; compared with Air). DJ, Dongjin; Nip, Nipponbare. (B) OsEIN2 overexpression could not restore the ethylene response of mhz3. (Left) Etiolated seedlings were grown in the air or 10 ppm ethylene for 3 d. Coleoptile (Center) and root lengths (Right) are means ± SD, n > 30 (**P < 0.01; Student’s t test; compared with Air). The ethylene response assays were the same in B–F. (C) Overexpression of MHZ3 in Osein2-1 rescued the mutant phenotype. (D) Overexpression of MHZ3 in Osein2-2 could not rescue the mutant phenotype. (E) Overexpression of MHZ3 in Oseil1 could not rescue the mutant phenotype. (F) Overexpression of OsEIL1 in mhz3 results in constitutive ethylene response, but no further response to ethylene treatment. (Scale bars, 10 mm.)