Fig. 3.

Phase of body temperature and energy expenditure rhythms are unaltered in Discordant mice. Body temperature (A and B), energy expenditure (C and D), mass-specific energy expenditure (E and F), and respiratory quotient (G and H) were measured throughout a full circadian rest–activity cycle in male (A, C, E, and G) and female (B, D, F, and H) mice housed in the absence of environmental rhythmicity (constant darkness). These metabolic circadian rhythms had similar timing relative to activity and rest in Discordant mice (Vgat-Cre⁺ CK1δ^fl/fl ε^fl/+, red) and in Cre-negative controls (No-Cre CK1δ^fl/fl ε^fl/+, blue). Small increases in the amplitude of the circadian rhythm in body temperature and energy expenditure were observed in male Discordant mice but not in females. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Sample size per genotype is indicated at the base of each bar. Asterisks indicate significant differences between genotypes. EE, energy expenditure.