Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics for Analyses of Exposure to Violence (Neighborhood-level N=157; Person-level N=1,135).
| Independent Variables | Mean | Std. Dev. |
|---|---|---|
| Individual/Family Level | ||
| Race/Ethnicity (vs. White/Other) | ||
| African American | .3436 | |
| Latino | .4714 | |
| Immigrant Generation (vs. Third) | ||
| First | .1357 | |
| Second | .2758 | |
| Male | .4837 | |
| Family Socioeconomic Status | −.1202 | 1.4181 |
| Two Biological Parents | .4934 | |
| Family Supervision | 4.8838 | .6869 |
| Family Attachment & Support | .0002 | .6948 |
| Prior Problem Behavior | 2.4947 | 1.1127 |
| Wave 1 Exposure to Violence | 1.2159 | .7501 |
| Neighborhood Level | ||
| Active Streets | .4251 | .1811 |
| Mixed Land Use | .2201 | .14985 |
| Business Presence | .9063 | .6480 |
| Concentrated Disadvantage | .2934 | .8183 |
| Residential Stability | −.2625 | .9004 |
| Immigrant Concentration | .6337 | 1.3459 |
| Ln. Population Density | 8.7389 | .7222 |
| 1991-93 Homicide Rate | −.2340 | .7805 |
| Collective Efficacy | 3.4641 | .2578 |
| Anonymity | −.0396 | .2538 |