TABLE 8.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices^a Related to Prevention of VL Among Intervention and Control Households, Bihar and Jharkhand States of India, 2016

	Intervention(%) (N=700)	Control(%) (N=350)	OR	95% CI	P Value
KNOWLEDGE b
What causes VL?
Insects	3.6	4.9	0.8	(0.21, 3.04)	.73
Mosquitos	20.3	63.1	0.1	(0.08, 0.28)	<.001
Sand fly	68.4	7.4	28.2	(11.76, 67.77)	<.001
Other	3.3	1.7	1.5	(0.25, 9.27)	.65
Don't know	4.3	22.9	0.1	(0.05, 0.42)	<.001
Is VL contagious and spread by touching?
Yes	21.0	23.4	0.9	(0.46, 1.74)	.73
No	66.7	44.6	2.5	(1.41, 4.40)	<.001
Don't know	12.3	32.0	0.3	(0.14, 0.60)	<.001
What are the symptoms of VL?
Fever >2 weeks	25.4	10.5	3.0	(1.36, 6.64)	.01
Loss of appetite	15.5	7.1	2.5	(0.99, 6.45)	.05
Enlargement of spleen	14.8	5.5	2.8	(1.03, 7.45)	.04
Weakness and anemia	11.4	4.2	3.0	(0.91, 9.66)	.07
Don't know	29.4	68.1	0.2	(0.11, 0.35)	<.001
Do you know IRS prevents VL?
Yes	82.3	41.7	6.3	(3.29, 12.01)	<.001
No	7.4	19.7	0.3	(0.12, 0.75)	.01
Don't know	10.3	38.3	0.2	(0.08, 0.39)	<.001
What is effective treatment of VL?
Local/traditional treatment	6.4	12.6	0.4	(0.15, 1.17)	.10
Malarial medicine	8.1	14.6	0.5	(0.19, 1.22)	.13
1-day medicine that is given in government hospital	64.7	13.1	12.4	(6.09, 25.36)	<.001
No need for medicine	0.6	0.0	3.0	(0.12, 75.28)	.50
Other	1.6	7.7	0.2	(0.05, 1.13)	.07
Don't know	18.4	52.0	0.2	(0.11, 0.39)	<.001
Do you know that complete treatment of VL is available?
Yes	88.3	62.0	4.5	(2.17, 9.29)	<.001
No	3.9	14.0	0.3	(0.08, 0.81)	.02
Don't know	7.9	24.0	0.3	(0.12, 0.65)	<.001
Do you know that complete treatment of VL is free?
Yes	81.0	39.1	6.7	(3.51, 12.66)	<.001
No	6.9	26.9	0.2	(0.08, 0.49)	<.001
Don't know	12.0	34.0	0.3	(0.13, 0.55)	<.001
When to treat a patient with VL?
Immediately	38.0	20.3	2.5	(1.31, 4.63)	.01
Within 1 week	11.3	5.7	1.9	(0.68, 5.46)	.21
Within 2 weeks	22.6	6.0	4.7	(1.81, 12.07)	<.001
When the patient has a fever	10.4	12.6	0.7	(0.31, 1.78)	.51
Other	1.7	3.4	0.7	(0.11, 4.04)	.65
Don't know	16.0	51.4	0.2	(0.09, 0.36)	<.001
ATTITUDES
To whom do you advise patients with VL symptoms to go for diagnosis and treatment?
PHC	77.0	39.4	5.2	(2.83, 9.69)	<.001
Private doctor	7.3	27.1	0.2	(0.08, 0.49)	<.001
RMP/Quack	1.1	6.3	0.1	(0.01, 1.04)	.05
Traditional healer	0.4	0.3	1.0	(0.02, 50.89)	1.00
Other	1.3	2.3	0.5	(0.04, 5.55)	.57
Don't know	12.9	24.6	0.4	(0.21, 0.94)	.03
Will you motivate/help community members to accept IRS?
Yes	78.6	44.6	4.6	(2.47, 8.56)	<.001
No	14.9	31.1	0.4	(0.19, 0.79)	.01
Don't know	6.6	24.3	0.2	(0.09, 0.58)	<.001
Will you help community members to identify suspected cases of VL?
Yes	72.3	30.9	5.7	(3.11, 10.52)	<.001
No	18.4	44.3	0.3	(0.15, 0.53)	<.001
Don't know	9.1	24.9	0.3	(0.13, 0.67)	<.001
PRACTICES
Did you allow spraying of SP last timec in your house?
Yes, all rooms	77.3	54.6	2.7	(1.49, 5.04)	<.001
Yes, partially	16.3	27.4	0.5	(0.26, 1.03)	.06
No	1.1	4.0	0.2	(0.03, 2.21)	.21
My house was locked	1.9	2.9	0.7	(0.11, 4.04)	.65
Unaware about day of IRS	3.4	11.1	0.3	(0.06, 0.93)	.04

Abbreviations: ANM, auxillary nurse-midwife; ASHA, Accredited Social Health Activist; AWW, Anganwadi Worker; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; PHC, primary health center; PKDL, post-Kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis; RMP, registered medical practitioner; SP, synthetic pyrethroid; VL, visceral leishmaniasis.

^aRespondents were asked open-ended questions and their first response was recorded.

^bCorrect answers are shown in italics.

^cRefers to the first IRS round.